Malaria is still a public health problem in many sub-Saharian countries. In central africa, this disease is the first cause of morbidity and one of the first cause of mortality for children. It also entails serious complications for pregnant women. In this abstract we will discuss how the urbanization affects malaria transmission in a tropical city, Brazzaville, i.e. the Congo’s capital. At first, malaria was considered as a rural areas disease, but at the present time, malaria has invaded cities. In 2003, 39% of 850 milion african people lived in urban setting; by 2030, 54% African are expecting to do so. The rapid an unplanned urbanization associated to a tropical humid climat make the malaria’s face changing. In the case of Brazzaville city which has more than 1 million inhabitants, the malaria transmission is hight and permanant all over the year. The aim of our study is to analyses the geographic distribution of malaria risk, to assess the impacts of urbanization on malaria transmission and to actualize malaria’s data which date back to twenty year.

This study was especially undertaken to understand and analyze the relationship between urban layout and the malarial epidemic source. It deals roughly with the impact of rapid urbanization of Brazzaville on the pathogen complex. Malaria is a vectorial disease which involves a specific ecologie, a carrier embodied in a mosquito and an host (humans). The complexe nature of mosquito-human relationship highly depends on physical an demographical factors. The anpheline mosquito needs clear, stagnant, and sunny water to grow. This ecologie correspond perfectly to tropical humid climate with its rainfalls. But to determinate the degree of transmission and the highly malaria-endemic areas, you must consider the urbanization rate. Thus urbanisation reduces and make the transmission geography more complex. Malaria transmission intensity differs considerabily to a neighbourhood to an other. The fluctuations are closely