Department of Civil Engineering

Liquefaction-induced Ground Deformation and Failure by Jean-Pierre Bardet, Nicholas Mace and Tetsuo Tobita

A Report to PEER/PG&E Task 4A - Phase 1

May 4, 1999

Table of contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Liquefaction-induced lateral spreads ..................................................................................... 5 1.2 Field measurement of lateral ground deformation .................................................................8 2. Mechanisms of lateral ground deformation........................................................................ 11 2.1 Laboratory approach ............................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Pre-liquefaction behavior .............................................................................................11 2.1.2 Post-liquefaction volumetric deformation.................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Post-liquefaction shear deformation.............................................................................14 2.1.4 Example of calculation of lateral spread displacement based on laboratory tests .......15 2.2 Centrifuge modeling of liquefaction induced ground displacement .................................... 17 2.3 Shaking Table Experiments .................................................................................................23 2.4 Summary of observations from laboratory, shaking table, and centrifuge experiments......25 2.5 Analytical Modeling of