I N T E R N AT I O N A L T R A D E BARRIERS & PROTECTIONIST POLICIES

Summary





Introduction Protectionism Barriers
 Tariff

barriers  Non tariff barriers


Conclusion

Introduction
The globalization permits to companies more business possibilities, access to new technology and sale products all around the world. Which obstacles companies will met during international trade ?


Protectionism
 

Economic policy of restraining trade between states. Conducted by a state for protecting its producers against competition from producers in other States

Some Goals :  job retention  reducing the trade deficit  defense of living standards

Trade barriers :
Government laws, regulations, policies, or practices that either protect domestic products from foreign competition or artificially stimulate exports of particular domestic products.

The most common barriers to trade are tariffs, quotas, and nontariff barriers.

Tariff barriers


Providing revenue to the state budget (Officially) removed after various international agreements from the negotiations in the GATT





40% of taxes in 1947 to about 18% in 1962 and 5% in 1994.
Behind the virtual elimination of tariffs is hiding the proliferation of non tariff still curb international trade.



Most common barriers



 




Quantitative restriction ( quotas and embargoes) Administrative barriers(control) Subvention ( also call grant) Managed trade Standards Protection money

Restriction quantitative
Quotas : Quota is an annual quantitative limits on imported goods.
 

Embargo

A refusal to sell to a country for different reason

Example : Embargo on Cuba by USA (1962)

Boycotts


Absolute restriction against the purchase and importation of certains goods from others countries

Administrative barriers


Administrative process : The regulations and reserve administrative must be complete by the importers to sell their