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Source : La Tribune | Semaine du : 22/10/12 au 27/11/2012 | Thème : Chine : nouveaux dirigeants, nouveau programme ? | La Chine est désormais la deuxième économie planétaire, et, malgré le ralentissement récent d’une croissance annuelle du PIB atteignant les 7%, les performances du pays surpassent celles de tous les autres acteurs majeurs. La Chine demeure le point d’assemblage central et vital de la chaîne d’approvisionnement mondiale de nombreux produits manufacturés tels qu’ordinateurs et téléphones mobiles, offrant des tarifs inférieurs aux consommateurs du monde entier. C’est ce qui a fait de la Chine un partenaire commercial clé des États-Unis, de la plupart des pays européens, et de nombreuses autres économies, en plus de l’avoir positionnée au cœur des échanges et des dynamiques logistiques intra-asiatiques. En outre, la Chine détient près de 3 300 milliards de dollars de réserves de change – composées principalement de dollars, mais également d’autres devises majeures – grâce à l’excédent commercial considérable enregistré ces dernières décennies. Ceci lui permet d’aider à financer les déficits commerciaux et l’investissement national des autres pays (bon nombre de ces bénéficiaires présentant de larges déficits budgétaires qui positionnent l’épargne nationale en dessous de l’investissement domestique). Les réformes de Deng Xiaoping ont permis le développement économique le plus rapide jamais observé dans l’histoire et, avec lui, l’émergence d’une classe moyenne nombreuse et croissante. Ceci fait de la Chine une opportunité de marché importante pour de nombreuses entreprises étrangères – parmi lesquelles constructeurs automobiles, fournisseurs de technologies, institutions financières, compagnies énergétiques et autres exportateurs agricoles. Quant aux sociétés chinoises, trop souvent détenues par l’État, elles recherchent de plus grandes opportunités d’investissement à l’étranger dans les secteurs majeurs, et notamment dans l’énergie. | Conclusion :

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