Chapter 0: The Constitution: Concepts, History and Sources 1

Section 1: Substantive constitutionalism and Formal Constitutionalism 1 0. Definition 1 a. Substantive Constitutionalism: The United Kingdom 1 b. Formal Constitutionalism: United States 1 c. Canada. 1

Section 2: Historic Origins and The Reception of European Law 2 2.1. Brief History. 2 a. Franco-British Conflicts 2 b. Articles of Capitulation of Montréal (1760) 3 2.2 The Colonial Regime and the Reception of English Law 3 Treaty of Paris (1763) 3 a. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 (put into force in 1764) 3 b. The Principles of the Reception of English Law 4 *Campbell v. Hall [1774] 4 c. Quebec Act (1774) 6 2.3 Upper and Lower Canada 6 a. Constitutional Act, 1791 6 b. The Rebellions of 1837-38 7 c. The Durham Report (1839): Legislative Union and Responsible Government 7 b. Union Act, 1840 7 2.4 Responsible Government 8 a. The Correspondence of Grey 8 b. Resignation of the Nova Scotia Government – January 25, 1848 9 c. Galt Memorandum 9 2.5 Towards Confederation 9 a. A Dysfunctional Parliament 9 b. Fear of the Americans 9 c. Three Conferences Before Ratification 9

Section 3: Sources of Canadian Constitutional Law 9 3.1 Imperial Legislation: An Evolution in 6 Steps 10 a. The First Canadian Constitutions 10 b. Colonial Laws Validity Act, 1865 10 c. British North America Act, 1867 10 d. The Statute of Westminster (1931) 11 f. Constitution Act, 1982 (Annex B of Canada Act, 1982) 11 g. Delegated British Legislation: Admission of New Provinces 13 3.2 Federal Legislation: 3 Examples 13 a. The Creation of New Provinces 13 b. Supreme Court Act of 1875 14 c. ‘Deconstitutionalized’ (Unentrenched) Provisions 14 3.3 Provincial Legislation: 2 Examples 14 a.