Financial definition
1296 mots
6 pages
The Theorical foundations of International trade( Following
Foreign trade : it’s the exchange of capital, goods, and services across borders or territories
Foreign exchange : it’s the exchange of money in one currency for another.
Customs duties : it’s a kind of indirect tax which is collected by a local agency responsible on goods of international trade.
Tariffs : it’s a tax levied on imported or exported goods.
Quotas : The share or proportion assigned to each in a division.
Tariff barriers :
Non tariff barriers NTB’s are trade barriers that restrict imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff (anti-dumping measures, countervailing duties “droits compensateurs”) whereas covert tariff barriers :
Environmental standards : a policy guideline that regulates the effect of human activity upon the environment.
Safety standards : Standards designed to ensure the safety of products activities or processes.
Health standards : It’s a list of standards under domains to ensure the safety of people health.
Retaliation :
Counter retaliation :
Countervailing duties (CVDs): Duties imposed under WTO Rules to neutralize the negative effects of subsidies.
I) The multilateral, bilateral and universal issues in international trade
Multilateralism : Term in international relations that refers to multiple countries working in concert on a given issue.
Globalisation : Phenomena of an ongoing “en cours” process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated trough a globe-spanning “couvrant-globale” network of communication and trade.
WTO : World trade organization – International organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.
The Uruguay Round :It was the 8th round of multilateralism trade negotations (MTN) conducted within the framework of the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT), spanning “couvrant” from 1986-1994 and embracing 110 countries