09PFL-0612

Impact of Real World Drive Cycles on PHEV Battery Requirements

Mohammed Fellah, Gurhari Singh, Aymeric Rousseau, Sylvain Pagerit

Argonne National Laboratory

Ed Nam, Anthony Neam, George Hoffman

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Copyright © 2007 SAE International

ABSTRACT

PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (PHEVS) HAVE THE ABILITY TO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE PETROLEUM CONSUMPTIONS. ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ANL), WORKING WITH THE FREEDOMCAR AND FUELS PARTNERSHIP, PARTICIPATED IN THE DEFINITION OF THE BATTERY REQUIREMENTS FOR PHEVS. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE IMPACT OF VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS VEHICLE CLASS, MASS OR ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES. HOWEVER, OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS REMAIN REGARDING THE IMPACT OF DRIVE CYCLES ON THE REQUIREMENTS. IN THIS PAPER, WE WILL EVALUATE THE CONSEQUENCES OF SIZING THE ELECTRICAL MACHINE AND THE BATTERY TO FOLLOW BOTH STANDARD DRIVE CYCLES SUCH AS THE URBAN DYNAMOMETER DRIVING SCHEDULE (UDDS), AS WELL AS REAL WORLD DRIVE CYCLES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) MODE. THE REQUIREMENTS WILL BE DEFINED FOR SEVERAL DRIVING CONDITIONS (I.E., URBAN, HIGHWAY…) AS WELL AS DRIVING BEHAVIOR (I.E., SMOOTH, AGGRESSIVE).

INTRODUCTION

PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES HAVE DEMONSTRATED GREAT POTENTIAL IN PETROLEUM DISPLACEMENT. SINCE THE BENEFITS OF THE TECHNOLOGY HEAVILY RELY ON THE BATTERY [1], THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GENERATIONS OF ADVANCED BATTERIES WITH LONG LIFE AND LOW COST IS CRITICAL. TO SATISFY THIS GOAL, THE U.S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, AS PART OF THE FREEDOMCAR AND FUELS PARTNERSHIP, IS FUNDING THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES.

This development is guided by a set of requirements [2, 3, 4, 5]. The initial values were defined with PSAT for two different timeframes (short term and long term) and two vehicle classes (midsize car and small SUV). However, only a single set of assumptions were considered: one powertrain configuration (pre-transmission), one set of component