Biofuel

Biofuels: a world issue. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 THE FAVOURABLE CONTEXT TO THE EMERGENCE OF NEW FUELS 3 ORIGIN AND RESOURCES OF BIOFUELS 4 A) BIOMASS 4 B) SEVERAL TYPES OF BIOFUELS 4 BIOFUELS IN THE WORLD 6 A) ETHANOL 6 B) THE EMHV 6 ASSESSMENTS OF THESE FIELDS IN FRANCE 7 A) ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 7 B) ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 8 CONCLUSION 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 INTRODUCTION Biofuels are perceived in many countries, like one of the means of fighting against the climatic

“Introduction to energy sources”, comprises one fifth of the book; the chapter goes into detail on global energy sources, especially renewables, i.e., biomass, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and marine. The second chapter is entitled “Biofuels” and covers the main liquid biofuels such as bioethanol, biomethanol, and liquid fuels from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The third chapter, “Vegetable oils and animal fats”, covers the use of vegetable oils and animal fats in fuel engines. Furthermore, processing conditions

cette marginalisation des petits paysans sur la sécurité alimentaire.17 3. Can Biofuels be Sustainable for Development?........................................................18 3.1 Conventional vs. Biofuels: Comparing carbon footprints…………………………...19 3.2 Biofuels: Impacts on soil erosion and environmental degradation…………………..21 3.3 Biofuels and Deforestation…………………………………………………………..23 3.4 Can biofuels be sustainable?..................................................................

What is a biofuel ? Biofuels have been developed few years ago to change oil into biofuels.   - prices of the fossil fuels is still increasing - the global warming increases by using fosssil fuels - the ressources of the fossil fuels is going to be empty By using the organic plants, biofuels are considered as a solution to reduce our oil consommation. They can be used in gasoline cars and diesel cars. Biofuel production with using algae Il s'agit de récupérer les triglycérides contenus dans

l’on exclue l’hydraulique. Elle est en constante mais faible augmentation depuis 1950 (× 2.5 en 60 ans). Une volonté politique accompagnée d’une série de mesures fiscales en 2005 puis 2009 poussent le développement des énergies renouvelables. Les biofuels et l’éolien connaissent un essor important. * Aux Etats-Unis il y a 104 réacteurs nucléaires en activité, situés dans leur grande majorité dans la partie Est du pays. L’électricité d’origine nucléaire représente 20% de l’électricité produite

by-products : 37 g) Transition link with Malthus and Ricardo: Antiques : 39 2 C. ETHANOL AND OTHER BIOFUELS a) Independence from fossil fuels : 41 b) Images of US corn-based ethanol chain and its effects on the world : 45 c) Rising prices of corn and their effect on developing countries : 49 d) Sugar-based ethanol : 51 e) What about second generation biofuels?: 53 f) Fuel independence, a symbol of peace or more starving people instead? : 54 g) Transition animation

international du Royaume-Uni. Le dit rapport vante les mérites des bioénergies à petites échelles et leur tendance à promouvoir la vie des pauvres ruraux. Sur la même ligne s’inscrit l’article du journal électronique Le Figaro .Ce dernier estime les biofuels comme étant le remède ultime de deux problématiques , à savoir l’indépendance énergétique et la protection environnementale. De fait , plusieurs pays cherchent à augmenter leur part respective des biocarburants dans la consommation globale. Bien

n° 23: Structure modale des transports de marchandises Figure n° 24: Quantité des carburants dans l’avenir Figure n° 25: Disponibilité de biofuel Figure n° 26: Structure modale des transports de passagers Figure n° 27: Structure modale des transports de marchandises Figure n° 28: Quantité des carburants dans le 2ème scénario Figure n° 29: Disponibilité du biofuel dans le 2ème scénario ENPC 2006-2007 -3- Atelier Changements Climatiques Carburants du XXIème siècle Liste des tableaux

The use of biomass for energy purposes therefore competes for the raw material with many alternative applications. The most common area of application for bioenergy is the production of heat. It is also possible to produce electric power, liquid biofuel, biogas and hydrogen from biomass. Forest chip during burning in grate furnace. Photo: SWECO Grøner AS. 2 Renewable energy Resource basis Plant and algae production of biomass is dependent on temperature and access to growth factors

Opportunities ␣ Establishment of Jubail Refining and Petrochemical Company ␣ Increasing demand for refined products in China ␣ Increasing demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) ␣ Oil and gas exploration projects ␣ Strategic initiatives in the area of biofuels and photovoltaic solar power systems Unfavorable Weaknesses ␣ Legal proceedings ␣ Employee unrest ␣ Declining production of gasoline Threats ␣ Economic slowdown in France and the European Union ␣ Environmental regulations ␣ Regulations concerning