Government debt

R´capitulatif des r´sultats th´oriques et particularit´s du mod`le e e e e e 2.3 Un mod`le d’acc`s au march´ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e e 2.3.1 L’hypoth`se de debt-disciplining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 2.3.2 R´solution du mod`le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e 2.4 Un mod`le de debt-disciplining et de signalling . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 2.4.1 D´termination de l’effort consenti par le gouvernement . . . . e 2.4.2 D´termination des situations d’´quilibre

Production Technology Division INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) was established in 1975. IFPRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers that receive principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). PARTNERS AND CONTRIBUTORS IFPRI gratefully acknowledges the generous unrestricted

(FGBL) Contract Standard A notional long-term debt instrument issued by the German Federal Government with a term of 8½ to 10½ years and an interest rate of 6 percent. Contract Size Settlement A delivery obligation arising out of a short position in a Euro-BUND Futures contract may only be satisfied by the delivery of specific debt securities namely, German Federal Bonds (Bundesanleihen) with a remaining term upon delivery of 8½ to 10½ years. The debt securities must have a minimum issue amount of

une baisse des dépenses ne peut qu'aggraver la situation macro-économique. Mots-clés : dette publique, redistribution, soutenabilité, solde structurel, politique budgétaire, déficit récessif. Public debt and redistribution in France (1980 – 2004) Abstract: This article deals with public debt dynamics in France. It also analyses several contemporary debates such as Ricardian equivalence, sustainability and budget balance decomposition. Public deficit is not necessarily the result of a Keynesian

solve a multicriterion problem in order to yield a global evaluation of country-risk. The paper builds on earlier work by Frank & Cline (1971) and Sargen (1977), who tried to empirically identify the most important factors of default probabilities (or debt rescheduling). Using empirical analysis and significance tests, this paper suggests several factors which are important for country-risk and suggested by the literature. JEL Classification : C13, D81, F17, F18, F23, F37. Keywords : Country Risk;

as disposals slow down By Miles Johnson Endesa, the Spanish utility group controlled by Italy’s Enel, saw its earnings drop by over a quarter for the first nine months of the year as the pace of a string of asset disposals designed to slash its debt slowed. In 2009 Enel won 92 per cent control of Endesa, once a Spanish national energy champion, in a deal that valued the company at €42bn, with the Spanish company retaining a highly illiquid but symbolic listing on the Madrid stock exchange.

companies that sell cigarettes online do not ensure that only adults can enter and purchase from their websites. They don’t check that their customers pay all customs duties, excise and other taxes. Some of them even sell counterfeit products. The U.S. Government Accountability Office has reported that three-quarters of all Internet tobacco sellers explicitly state that they will not report cigarette sales to tax collection officials, thus violating federal law.17 This is a major threat to the tobacco industry

required set of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Often, an audit is required by law (with tiny companies often exempted). Those statutory financial statements are normally filed with a government agency or put on a website and thus are available to creditors, suppliers, employees, governments and others. Copyright © 2009 International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation All rights reserved May be distributed freely with appropriate attribution. IFRS FOR SMEs [UPDATED 1 JUNE

Political factors can represent risks for the sector of activity of a food supermarket, for example because of trade barriers which could stop exchange or supply of products for a store. Another example of the risk of political factors could be a government policy restrictive about competition or stuff like that. - Economical factors are largely outside the control of a company, but their effects on performance can be highly important. This is a major factor of risk for all industries, particularly

of this aim, the course begins with a brief overview of the evolution of the Irish economy in the 19th and 20th centuries. The objectives of Irish economic policy are then defined and evaluated in terms of their desirability. The role of the government in achieving these objectives is then examined in detail. The rest of the course attempts to undertake a detailed appraisal of the extent to which the objectives of Irish economic policy are met and also deals with the policy issues to which their