Réluctance

in the range of 50% per year for several years in spite of such constraints as underdeveloped infrastructure, low Internet penetration and limited online offerings. About 90% of online purchases are paid for with credit and debit cards, and the reluctance of cardholders to provide their account numbers over the Internet has also held back growth. In 2004 total esti- mated Latin American e-commerce sales reached US$3bn. Increasing consumer confidence in using cards online has been a key force behind

mettant en lumière les stratégies du plus puissant groupe agroalimentaire de la planète. How to turn water into gold? One company has the recipe: Nestlé, the Swissbased multinational, and world leader in the bottled water industry. In spite of the reluctance of the management, Res Gehriger and Urs Schnell decided to take a behind-the-scenes look at this billion-dollar market. From the US to Nigeria, via Pakistan, the journalists explore the bottled water circuits, revealing the strategies of the world’s

period. Inflation would be fueled by currency volatility, and would average 15% annually through 2008. Fiscal deficits would mount as the government pursued expanded social welfare spending even as growth lagged. Progress would be hampered by the reluctance of foreign investors to commit new capital. Although even this regime would be reluctant to take such drastic steps as debt repudiation, neither would it be willing to accept without reservation the advice of the IMF, especially with regard to calls

was decided that such work injury insurance was too complicated to arrange. However, the community did make provisions for first aid and a trained first-aid worker on site. A well-known dilemma for social security programmes is overcoming the reluctance by workers and employers to contribute because they doubt that benefits will ever be forthcoming. Such a problem exists for temporary project workers in labour-based projects when programmes offer even the most direct accident insurance. Furthermore

expenses might arise; no, it was clear that twenty sous was not enough. He consequently, after taking Claude and Etienne to Mlle Boche, who promised to appear with them at dinner, ran to his brother-in-law and borrowed ten francs; he did it with reluctance, and the words stuck in his throat, for he half expected a refusal. Lorilleux grumbled and growled but finally lent the money. But Coupeau heard his sister mutter under her breath, "That is a good beginning." The civil marriage was fixed for half-past

d’inductance, on peut introduire la notion de r´luctance d’un circuit magn´tique. e e Elle caract´rise la ✭✭ r´sistance ✮✮ du mat´riaux au ✭✭ passage ✮✮ des lignes de champ. Les e e e techniques a base de r´seaux de perm´ance [12] (l’inverse de la reluctance), permettent ` e e ainsi de prendre en compte la saturation dans une plus large mesure. La contre-partie de cette simplification du probl`me est qu’elle n´cessite de d´terminer e e e les valeurs num´riques des composants ´lectriques (r´sistances

turn Harry down. For over six months he fended off the book dealer's proposals to come work for him, and in that time he invented so many different excuses, came up with so many different reasons why Harry should look for someone else, that his reluctance became a standing joke 30 PAUL A U S T E R between them. In the beginning, Tom went out of his way to defend the virtues of his current profession, improvising elaborate theories about the ontological value of the cabbie's life. "It gives

Oenococcus oeni is currently the preferred bacterial species to conduct MLF, rather than yeast or other lactic acid bacteria, and the precise reasons for this are described in greater detail in the following section. It is important to note that the reluctance of the wine industry to employ alternative bacterial species may be in part due to the lack of availability of alternatives. It is likely that strains of Pediococcus and Lactobacillus may be isolated in the future and prove particularly adept at

A/m I = ∫C H dl Perméabilité scalaire µ0 H/m µ0 = 4 π × 10 –7 Perméabilité magnétique scalaire µ H/m B = µH L = µN 2΋ᐉ(*) Perméabilité relative scalaire µr (sans dim.) µ = µ0 µr Force magnétomotrice scalaire F ampère, A F = Réluctance scalaire R H–1 F=Rϕ Polarisation magnétique vectorielle Bi, J ou J tesla, T Bi = B – µ0 H Densité de flux d’énergie du champ électromagnétique, vecteur de Poynting vectorielle S ou S W/m2 S=E∧H GRANDEURS PHYSIQUES ET ÉLECTRIQUES

d’émissions que l’énergie produite à partir de sources fossiles. Le protocole a été approuvé au nom de la Communauté européenne par une décision de 2002, il n’a pas été ratifié par les Etats-Unis. Les Etats-Unis ont en revanche rejoint, après quelque réluctance, l’Agence Internationale pour les énergies renouvelables (IRENA), mise en place en janvier 2009 et dont l’UE a également signé les statuts. Cette agence a pour objectif de conseiller les gouvernements pour la définition de programmes nationaux de