René Goulaine de Laudonnière (1529-1574): was a French explorer and the founder of the French colony of Fort Caroline, located in present-day Jacksonville, Florida. He made contact with a native tribe who at first helped the colonists. The colony did not flourish and had to get food from the Natives. Colonists complained and a small group of them seized a ship and sailed to the Gulf of Mexico to become pirates. Deserters from the colony angered the Natives who refused to give any more food. Colonists had to rely on acorns and roots and finally rebelled. De Laudonnière learns a lot about the natives’ initiation rituals: the ritual to become a man: Indians have to be brave to become men. He although studied ethnographic values. His memories are published in 1587, A Notable History Containing Four Voyages made by Certain French Captains unto Florida. Hakluyt

* The Jesuit Relations

The Jesuits were often the only force standing between the Native Americans and slavery. They formed Christian Native American city-states. They protected the natives whom certain Spanish and Portuguese colonizers wanted to enslave. They were very influential in the pacification, religious conversion and education of Indian nations.
Jesuit missionaries were active in New France. Many of them compiled dictionaries or glossaries of the First Nations and Native American languages which they learned.
- Ursuline nuns in Quebec: Ursuline is a Catholic religious order. The Ursuline Convent of Quebec City, founded in 1639, is the oldest institution of learning for women in North America. After three years spent in Quebec City, the nuns moved to the convent built on the ground they still occupy, ceded to them by the Company of New France. Their first pupils were Indian girls, with whom they succeeded better than the Jesuits with their native boys. The first convent was burned in 1650, but was soon rebuilt.

Relation of 1647:

Torture of Father Isaac Jogues: was a Jesuit priest,