LAFORET
MATHIAS

ESSAY Mesopotamian civilization

Mesopotamia, which means “between the two rivers”, is considered as the origin of all civilization, for several reasons. First of all, it is due to its geographical situation, between Euphrates and Tiger, more or less the modern day Iraq. This situation has created a real growth of the Mesopotamian civilization, which has enhanced its development. Moreover, Mesopotamia does not have natural bounds, so it was a easy conquest for other civilizations, who were looking for power and territory. This part of the earth was the scene of many invasions. Due to this moving history, Mesopotamia was a massive mix of several cultures, artistic and technologic influences. It was a really rich and developed region.
It is here that first cities and civilizations grew up, since 3500 B.C.E, such as Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonian, Assyrian or Neo-Babylonian, and had a shared culture which is central to all Mesopotamian life.

Origins of civilization are more or less mysterious. Researchers have established its existence between 5000 and 1750 B.C.E. Their language is not yet well known. It is neither neo-European nor Semitic. Their language was the principal in Mesopotamia.
They are the creator of the cuneiform writings. They invented this type of writing to manage harvest and to write their laws, because they wanted the justice to be the same for all. This writing inspired many other civilizations. They also invented roads, pottery, arch, they combined copper and pewter to invent bronze, 12 months and 30 days calendar, sundials, numerical system based on 60, and circle of 360 degree, and they were the first to pay taxes.
The country was not a unified kingdom, but an overall of rivals and independent states, about a dozen. These states created kingdoms after many alliances and conquests. This conglomerate of states did not allow the creation of a capital, because the central power was moving every