Driss Chraibi La Mère Du Printemps

religious and civil war. Even so, by the time of Henri IV, who added Navarre to the royal domain and imposed an uneasy peace, the centralized power of the monarchy had been considerably strengthened and a clear idea of France as a major European power and ‘mère des arts’ had emerged. Though provincial cities, such as Lyons, were centres of lively literary and artistic activity until after the middle of the century, Paris was, by 1600, the nation’s undisputed cultural heart. The nineteenth century defined the