Graffiti Bac Pro

‘universités populaires’ were spreading ideas and culture to the working population, the educational potential of the serialized novel had its defenders. It might peddle sensation rather than instruction, but it reflected current social trends such as the pro-regionalist ‘réveil des provinces’, the decline of anticlericalism which followed the Separation of Church and state in 1905, and new xenophobic tendencies: the villainous English imperialist and, in the wake of the spy-mania which had stoked the Dreyfus