Photovoltaics

site matching and generation unit sizing for remote area power supply. Renewable Energy 32, 13461362. Mahmoudi, H., Abdul-Wahab, S.A., Goosen, M.F.A., Sablani, S.S., Perret, J., Ouagued, A., Spahis, N. (2008).Weather data and analysis of hybrid photovoltaic–wind power generation systems adapted to a seawater greenhouse desalination unit designed for arid coastal countries. Desalination, 222, 119127. Ozdamar, A., Ozbalta, N., Akin, A., Yildirim, E.d. (2005). An application of a combined wind and solar

acquisition of Unocal in 2005, the company became one of the largest renewable energy producers in the world. Shell Renewables was established in 1997 and is now one of five core businesses for Royal Dutch Shell — with a focus on wind and solar photovoltaics, but it is also involved in biofuels, geothermal, and hydrogen. Since 1983, Total has been investing in renewables, such as solar and wind power, through its 35% stake in Total Energie. ExxonMobil is investing in renewable research, such as the

dispose également de Manufacturing and Technology Small Business Development Centers. 32 Ainsi, OTF a notamment développé les programmes suivants par le passé : Advanced Energy, Advanced materials, Biomedical, Fuel cell, Medical Imaging, Photovoltaic, Sensors, Wright centers of Innovation. 33 Par exemple sur le site http://www.jumpstartinc.org/ pour le Nord-Est, http://cincytechusa.com pour le Sud-Ouest… 98 COUR DES COMPTES Les 7 Edison Technology centers34 de l’Ohio visent à favoriser

be declining. For example, some estimates suggest that the cost of wind turbine electricity in California fell from 24¢/kWh in 1985, to 9¢ in 1995, and to only 6¢ by 2006. Additional technological breakthroughs in alternative energy forms (e.g., photovoltaic, hydrogen cells, nuclear fusion, and super conductors) would further reduce the importance of oil in the overall energy mix. Finally, after the oil price shocks, the drive for conservation and inter-fuel substitution was triggered above all by

l’encyclopédie : http://fr.wikipedia. org/wiki/Image:4inch_poly_solar_cell.jpg 44 voir le site OutilsSolaires : http://www. outilssolaires.com/pv/prin-bilan.htm 45 voir aussi l’étude : “Compared assessment of selected environmental indicators of photovoltaic electricity in OECD cities” à l’adresse : http://www.eupvplatform.org/fileadmin/Documents/ Brochure-indicateurs_26_pays.pdf 46 Voir le site de l’encyclopédie : http://fr.wikipedia. org/wiki/Image:Tableau-lindal.jpg 47 Voir le site de l’encyclopédie

n. (électr.), phototransistor m. phototrophic(al) adj. (chim.), photochromique phototropic(al) adj. (bot.), phototrope phototropism n. (bot.), phototropisme m. phototube n. (électr., instr.), cellule f. photoélectrique, tube m. photoélectrique photovoltaic(al) adj. (bot.), photovoltaïque phreatic(al) adj. (géol.), phréatique, ~ water (géol.), nappe phréatique phrenologist n. (méd.), spécialiste m. de phrénologie phrenology n. (méd.), phrénologie f. phtalein(e) n. (chim.), phtaléine f. phtalic adj

n. (électr.), phototransistor m. phototrophic(al) adj. (chim.), photochromique phototropic(al) adj. (bot.), phototrope phototropism n. (bot.), phototropisme m. phototube n. (électr., instr.), cellule f. photoélectrique, tube m. photoélectrique photovoltaic(al) adj. (bot.), photovoltaïque phreatic(al) adj. (géol.), phréatique, ~ water (géol.), nappe phréatique phrenologist n. (méd.), spécialiste m. de phrénologie phrenology n. (méd.), phrénologie f. phtalein(e) n. (chim.), phtaléine f. phtalic adj