Pledge

par son comportement futur, l’entreprise dilue la valeur de la dette en proposant les mêmes garanties, ou à plus forte raison des garanties supérieures, à de nouvelles dettes mises en place par la suite. Les clauses de sûreté négative (negative pledge dans les contrats de financement internationaux) interdisent à l’emprunteur d’accorder de nouvelles sûretés au profit d’autres créanciers qu’ils soient présents ou futurs. En effet, la concession de garanties, d’hypothèques, de nantissements nouveaux

and Italian legal systems can only be outlined, the main difficulty stemming from the fact that from the 13th century onwards, English law developed independently of continental legal systems. In England there were three different institutions, the pledge of faith, the action of debt and the action of covenant, doctrines of the King's court which were to constitute the future law of contract.117 In practice, licence contracts are generally elaborate, written documents so that the legal questions which

problem of having to seek production of the original b/l before the lorry leaves the ferry which would be a nightmare! Equally there is no need for a b/l from the point of view of the merchant as he is not likely to want to use a bill of lading to pledge the goods whilst in the hands of the carrier [and not his] in transit." (For more on the subject go to Paul's book, "Freight Forwarding and Goods in Transit", particularly para 18-29.) Such stipulation avoids the compulsory application of the Hague

nevertheless remained within what was first called the “Common Wealth of Nations” and then the “Commonwealth”, in order to get support and to develop thanks to privileged bonds. Furthermore they all share English as a common language, have the same goals and pledge allegiance to the Queen as their official (although essentially symbolic) Head of State. Objectif j f The Commonwealth plays an important international role in many different ways. One major aspect of its role is to create a sense of family and community

Before the war, Sartre was little interested in the political responsibilities of the writer and saw himself as an anti-bourgeois, individualist voice. But the defeat of France and his own captivity converted him into a ‘social’ being. He did not pledge himself to direct action but began his unfinished trilogy, Les Chemins de la liberté, staged the obliquely résistant play, Les Mouches in 1943 and published L’Être et le néant (1943) which made him, after 1945, the leading exponent of French Existentialism