Short Cuts

international depression, can be seen in factories operating at half time or completely paralyzed, reduction of the number and quantity of goods available under the rationing cards (including such basic products as rice, beans, salt, etc.), the renewal of cuts in electricity distribution (“apagones”), and the inability to make payments on foreign credits. The alarm was sounded earlier in the year when the Minister of Economy revealed that between January and April 2009, the consumption of imported oil had

scannersFrench combat unit to adopt newest FELIN from SeptemberMerkel and Sarkozy highlight financial reformsBritish Prime Minister says Afghan war has reached critical stageAusterity plans may send Europe back to 1930sEU considers temporary ban on short selling in emergency casesEU vows to strenthen cooperation with Gulf countriesRussia and Israel eye $360 million drone dealDenouncement of the anticommunist measures of the Moldovan governmentEgyptians protest police brutality Rwandan genocider to

to deliver that theory because its numerous restrictive assumptions narrow its focus sufficiently to preclude a meaningful analysis of the impact of financial flexibility on corporate financial policies. Specifically, the pecking order theory falls short because it (i) focuses on a “one-shot” financing decision, thus it rules out the inter-temporal trade-offs that are central to firms’ debt capacity utilization decisions, (ii) assumes that asymmetric information allows self-interested managerial behavior

unexpected expansion on the West Coast to counter-attack “Stor”, increased sales by 25 to 30 percent and IKEA continued to increase sales years after by about 10 percent annually. Store layouts in the U.S. were adjusted to include more directions and short cuts. Overall IKEA turned around their situation and difficulties by adopting their policies to the American market and granting the local management more autonomy. 3) Find a country where IKEA is not present. Can the IKEA model be applied in

Mostly for the developed countries leaders, the main problem is that if their citizen show emotion when they see endangered species, they may be unhappy if there are more environments or “carbon taxes”. In these times of financial crisis, job cuts and strikes, it is not good for them to dissatisfy their citizen, especially when there are important issues on the calendar (e.g. Law on Health Care reform in the United States) or elections… For the industrial lobbies, they would rather push for

d’économie solidaire, financement participatif [crowdfunding], etc.) se développent et se mettent en place avec le plus souvent l’appui de nouveaux modèles d’affaires qui y sont associés. As expressed in a United Nations report, “the creative economy cuts across the arts, business and connectivity, driving innovation and new business models. The digital era unlocked marketing and distribution channels for music, digital animation, films, news, advertising, etc., thereby expanding the economic benefits

Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 1999 The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 1999 by Olivier Blanchard and Roberto Perotti. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. An Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of Changes in Government Spending

posits a direct link between something called M and aggregate spending. In its Keynesian variant, the story holds that adjustments in asset prices brought about by a change in M lead to more spending, especially on capital goods.. In either case, short-run stickiness of prices is needed to translate some of the changes in demand into movements of real output. In recent years, these conventional stories have become increasingly implausible, as Stiglitz and I (1983) have argued elsewhere

future role of the internal IT function at GlobShop. If the company decides to move more IT activities offshore, it should carefully assess its implications for the internal IT group. GlobShop had reduced its IT workforce by over 50% and additional cuts could simply decimate the IT function. With over 60% of the IT spending concentrated on offshore activities, Roger wondered about the future steps. Background ‘Duty’ is a generic term used to describe a variety of taxes imposed on goods. Duty-free

written today.2 The best way to explain historical institutionalism (HI) is to situate this approach in a historical and comparative context, showing where the approach originated and how it is different from other approaches in the social sciences. In short, what follows is an HI account of historical institutionalism. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of this approach for our understanding of political and social science as ‘science’. Origins Institutional theory is as old