Substitute good

Industry. According to Porter, these five forces determine the structure profitability of an industry in the long run and how the industry pressures the company (Grant, p.69, 2010). Porters five forces looks at the threat of new entrants, threat of substitute goods, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and finally at the competitive rivalry in the industry: Threats of New entrants (low) • Time and cost to enter (large capital investment needed to enter the market)

Russian Business Etiquette and Protocol Relationships & Communication . Russians are transactional and do not need to establish long-standing personal relationships before they do business with people.  . It is still a good idea to develop a network of people who you know and trust. The Russian word "svyasi" means connections and refers to having friends in high places, which is often required to cut through red tape.  . Patience is essential.  . It is best to err on the side of formality

as the key suppliers. 7.1 Summary Figure 6: Forces Driving Competition in the Ice Cream Market in Europe, 2008 Intensity of competition Buyer Pow er 5 Weak Strong 4 3 Degree of Rivalry 2 1 0 Supplier Pow er Threat of Substitutes New Entrants Score for each force is mean of scores for its drivers. Total area & color indicates intensity of competition overall. Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR The European ice cream market is generally a high volume and low margin

integration. Since many MENA countries are characterized with an opaque, inefficient and mistreating formal institutions, both mechanisms can act as substitutes, leading to the reinforcement of the trust in persons rather than in formal institutions. Even if we consider that the formal institutions are efficient enough, because wasta and corruption are based on good connections with persons, they strengthen social ties and networks and thereby create social capital. Asking for a favor and granting it are

segment that they served. Findings indicate that the new printing technology made it possible to change prices when the new services reduced delivery time and costs, and when there were substantial differences between the new services and available substitutes. Thus, customers accepted new pricing when the utilization of the new technology resulted in financial gains and time reductions. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Competition; Investments in new technology; Perception of value;

important for bond with lower coupon rate. Because at higher yield, a higher fraction of the bond’s value is due in its earlier payment, so a lower affective maturity and so a lower interest rate sensitivity In conclusion we can say maturity is a good indicator but not sufficient to measure interest rate sensitivity, that’s why a bond manager portfolio need other tools to analyse the sensitivity of bond’s prices to interest rate fluctuation. Duration: Duration measures how long, on average

in the hands of a few. Everyone from graphic designers, to advertisers, to publishers with websites and blogs can benefit from it. There's nothing good about hoarding information. When people approach life with scarcity and lack, that's what they get in return. When they approach life with abundance, its what they get in return. There's also nothing good about hoarding money. When people are afraid to spend, and hang on to every penny, the whole world economy goes in the tank. It is my hope, that everyone

the insistence on the letter against the spirit. That is why the religious fundamentalism has always a revolutionary dimension: it breaks with the politics of spirit, e.g. with the politics of reform, flexibility, adaptation to the zeitgeist, and substitute it (I mean: the politics of spirit) by the violent politics of letter. The contemporary religious fundamentalism can be seen, therefore, as the most radical product of the European Enlightenment and the materialist view of the world. The religious

so forth can be derived from the evidence by higher layers; our goal is to distribute relevant information in an efficient and secure way. In our system, trust values are represented by pairs (m, n), where m is the number of successful interactions (good outcomes) and n the number of failures (bad outcomes). The use of a DHT gives us sufficient space to record each individual observation, without any need to amalgamate the evidence (requiring summaries). This is because nodes are assumed to have, on

......................................................................... 10 Rivalry ................................................................................................................................................ 10 Threats of Substitutes ......................................................................................................................... 10 Buyer Power............................................................................................................