Stalin
1541 mots
7 pages
Russia :Dictatorship and conflict, 1924-53a) .Trotsky expelled from the Politburo, October 1926
.First collective farms, 1929
.Murder of Kirov, 1st of December 1934
.The show trials, 1930s
.The third five year plan, 1938-1941
(b) The First collective farms:
In the Soviet Union, collectivization was introduced by Joseph Stalin in the late 1920s ,as a way, according to the theories of communist leaders, to boost agricultural production through the organization of land and labour into large-scale collective farms. At the same time, Soviet leaders argued that collectivisation would free poor peasants from economic servitude under the Kulaks.
Stalin believed that the goals of collectivization could be achieved voluntarily, but when the new farms failed to attract the hopeful number of peasants , the government blamed the oppression of the kulaks and resorted to forceful implementation of the plan, by murder and wholesale deportation of farmers to Siberia. Millions of unfortunates who remained died of starvation, and the centuries-old system of farming was destroyed in one of the most fertile regions in the world for farming, once called "the breadbasket of Europe". The immediate effect of forced collectivisation was to reduce grain output and almost halve livestock, thus producing major famines in 1932 and 1933.
In 1932-1933, an estimated 3.1–7 million people, mainly in the Ukraine, died from famine after Stalin forced the peasants into the collectives (Ukrainians call this famine holodomor). Most modern historians believe that this famine was caused by the sudden disruption of production brought on by collective farming policies and mass seizure of property . These policies were implemented by the government of the Soviet Union, of which Ukraine was then a part. Some believe that, due to unreasonably high government quota, farmers often received far less for their labour than they did before collectivization, and some refused to work; others retaliated