Chambres De Bois D Anne Hébert

crown, increasingly sensitive to the threat of sedition, maintained its Gallican policy of resistance to the papacy (almost, in 1551, to the point of breaking with Rome). But at the same time it took strong measures to curb dissent, instituting a chambre ardente in 1547 and an index of forbidden books (1559) which formalized censorship as the combined responsibility of Church and state. Militant popes, the active role played by the crusading Jesuits (founded in 1540) and the inauguration of the Council