Currency

several commodities such as machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles and raw materials. The largest trading partner is China. o The consumer spending has also been steadily rising over the last years. o The national currency is the yen. It has been rising since a few months against the euro and the dollar. Political o Japan is a parliamentarian democracy under the rule of a constitutional monarchy. The Emperor, Akihoto, came to power in 1989. The power mostly

tels les pays Baltes, l’intérêt d’adhérer sans délai est plus évident. (5) MacKinnon R. (2000) : « Mundell, the Euro and Optimum Currency Areas », Stanford Economics Working Paper. Disponible sur www.econ.stanford.edu Mundell R. (1961) : « A Theory of Optimal Currency Areas », American Economic Review, vol. 51. Mundell R. (1973) : « A Plan for a European Currency » Conférence de Madrid, pp. 143-72 et « Uncommon Arguments for Common Currencies » pp. 114-32 in The Economics of Common Currencies

metallurgical sector—and, of course, the oil price." We can explain this phenomenon with two mains economics causes: First, the rouble currency decreased during the year of 2008 and above all these last months with the decrease of the demand and the decrease on the stock exchange. Furthermore, because the Russian government did not accept to devaluate his currency, the investments in Russia will decrease, they are mainly afraid of the consequences of this devaluation for the Russian economy.

De-nazification * Important Nazis hunted down, pt on trial. Families had to run. * Soviet military stripping Germany from goods, refugees going over to the American zone. * 3 zones begin to co-ordinate! The Bi-zone. 1947 stop de-nazification new currency, 1948 – Deutschmark. * Full employment in the Bi-zone. Production has gone up to 50%, especially in Berlin deliberate act to show-off. * Causes Berlin blockade. Consequences of the Berlin Blockade: * Made Stalin look even worse

adding urgency to Europe's campaign for a stronger Chinese currency. Chinese products totalling 123.7 billion euros (US$178.1 billion) entered the 13 nations sharing the euro in the first nine months, an increase of 20 percent from a year ago and more than the 122.3 billion euros of goods shipped from the UK, the European Union statistics office said in Luxembourg Tuesday. EU policy makers are pressing for gains in the yuan against their currency to narrow a trade deficit with China that reached a record

the 1980s and 1990s in many South American countries (Phillips 2005, 332). Moreover, the US remains the dominant member in all of the Bretton Woods institutions in terms of their voting rights with the US dollar enduring as the main international currency (Cohn 2000, 362). Thus, one could argue that US hegemony may not have been in decline since Bretton Woods. A further argument to support the idea that the current global political economy is different from the Bretton Woods system is the growing

d'intérêt standard, taux variables contre taux fixes, (en anglais : plain vanilla interest rate swap) qui échange les intérêts d'un prêt ou dépôt notionnel à taux variable contre des intérêts à taux fixe ; * le swap de devises (Cross Currency Swap ou Currency Interest Rate Swap (CIRS)), par lequel on échange des taux d'intérêt à moyen ou long terme libellés dans deux devises différentes ; * le credit default swap, qui échange de la protection sur le risque de crédit d'un émetteur d'obligations

Recognition of Transactions The accounting records are maintained on a transaction dated basis. Accounting recognition is given to spot transactions in the balance sheet at the time of inception. Foreign Currency and Precious Metal Balances The financial statements are presented in Swiss francs. Foreign currency and precious metal balances are translated into their Swiss Franc equivalents at the closing rate of exchange. Income and expense amounts denominated in foreign currencies are converted to Swiss Francs

: Since 1945, Europe became the principal line of development of the French foreign policy. France supports the establishment of new companies, for example the Toyota plant in Valenciennes set up in 1998, Toyota achieved low taxes and subsidies. Currency : euro GDP (gross domestic product) : $2.867 trillion France ranked at the 5th position on GDP‟s list Inflation : -0,2% Exportations : 601 $ (2008) Importations : 692 $ (2008) Product : engines & travel engines, aeronautic, plastic products, chemical

as all the Communist-era payments bureaus were shut down; foreign banks, primarily from Western Europe, now control most of the banking sector. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM)- the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased. Bosnia's private sector is growing and foreign investment is slowly increasing, but government spending, at nearly 40% of adjusted GDP, remains high because of redundant government