Game theory

competition; both are tied to the reproductive strategies of the two sexes. One theory is that, because men can have many more children than women, the potential gain in reproductive success from winning a competition is much greater for 448 Niederle and Vesterlund Gender Differences in Competition men, and men have therefore evolved to be more competitive than women (Daly and Wilson 1983). The second theory focuses on one gender being responsible for parental care. While a man’s death

and condensation of concepts and methodological outlines which are still,for the most part, seeking a general consécration. Secondly, the reader may be surprised to find here concepts borrowed from several adjacent fields — from planning to décision theory or from scientific research to statistical inference. But, forecasting, in its widest sense, includes all methods ofperceiving the future; it is therefore natural that it should profit from their conceptual contributions. Moreover, forecasting is

niveaux: celui du conflit d’intérêts et celui des spécificités culturelles. - Sur le premier niveau, les conflits d’intérêts entre les états peuvent trouver solutions par l’application honnête et sincère de la méthode dite « théorie des jeux » (game theory). La règle principale dans cette méthode est de jouer à égalité. Les pays occidentaux doivent s’affranchir du comportement colonialiste et voir le rapport d’interdépendance qui les joint aux pays sous-développés dans une perspective autre que celle

Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 12, pp. 195-199. FEHR E., SCHMIDT K.M. [1999], “A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 114, n°. 3, pp. 817-868. GERSTNER E. [1985], "Do Higher Prices Signal Higher Quality ?", Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 22, may, pp. 205-209. GERSTNER E., HESS J.D., HOLTHAUSEN D. M. [1994], “Price Discrimination Through a Distribution Channel: Theory and Evidence”, American Economic Review, vol. 84, n°5, dec. , pp. 1437-1445. GIELISSEN

apparaître régulièrement les événements exceptionnels qui génèrent un besoin de coopération. III. Abstract : This study aims at modelling a vampire bat’s colony, in order to find by simulations the ideal characteristics of the corresponding game. This game is dedicated to an exposition at the « Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelles » in France, and must highlight the cooperation’s stakes by vampire bats. This calibration must on the one hand put the player in situations near of the real cases, and

Attitudes, in Murchinson C.A. (ed.), A Handbook of Social Psychology, Clark University Press, Worcester, Ma., p 798-844, 1935. ASSAEL H., Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action, 3rd ed., Kent, Boston, Mass., p 176, 1987. AUMANN R.J., Irrationality in Game Theory, in ORLEAN A. (ed.), Analyse Economique des Conventions, PUF, Paris, 1994. BAR R.A. et CAPLAN L.J., Category Representations and Their Implication for Category Structure, Memory and Cognition, 15, 5, p 397-418, 1987. BRECKLER S.J., Empirical Validation

l’intelligence stratégique, seule à même d’éviter de « mourir certifié ». Bibliographie Argote L. (1999), Organizational Learning : Creating, Retaining and Transferring Knowledge, Kluwer Academic. Argyris C. et Schön A. (1978), Organizational Learning : A Theory of Action Perspective », Addison-Wesley Publishing. Argyris C. (1995), Savoir pour agir – Surmonter les obstacles à l’apprentissage organisationnel, InterÉditions. Bateson G. (1977), Vers une écologie de l’esprit, tome 1, Le Seuil. Bénèzech D., Lambert

New York: Norton (trad. fran- çaise, Paris : PUF, 1976). Binmore K., (1994), Game theory and the social contract, vol. 1., Playing fair, Cambridge (Mass.), London : MIT. Brown K. C., (1965), (ed.), Hobbes Studies, Oxford: Blackwell. Dahl R., (1969), "The Concept of Power", Behavioral Science, vol. 2, juillet 1957 (repris in : Bell R, Edwards D. V. et Wagner R. H., (eds.), Political Power, a Reading in Theory and Research, New York : Free Press. Dockès N., (2002), "De la nécessité de la

buts collectifs. 1 • Le modèle de Parsons constitue sans doute le plus développé et le plus rich~ des modèles explicatifs du pouvoir politique, fondé sur une logique de rationalisatio4 par différenciation fonctionnelle. Pour l'auteur de Sociological Theory and Modery. Socùty (1967), la polity constitue l'un des quatre sous-systèmes de la société globale; la poursuite de buts collectifs y joue u~ rôle équivalent à celui de la production de biens dans le sous-système économique. Dans le goal-attainment

helping its customers to build their own competitive advantage. Regarding these aspects of improving exchange of innovation, we can easily describe E-business like a process innovation resulting from the Business turnaround. If we refer to the theory of service innovation, we can notice that this step is crucial in the achievement of a society to transform its business. We described how the business model had been important to think IBM no more like a manufacturer but like full solution provider