Ontology

between units and actors, actors and structures, positivism and constructivism, free will and illusory choices. The understanding and explanation of agency and structure, moreover, are indispensable for a good foreign policy analysis and hence our ontology, epistemology, and methodologies should be diverse. The author, furthermore, highlights the notions of state, sovereignty, and foreign policy and their relations. Sovereignty doesn’t depend on maximizing power and foreign policy attempts at projecting

ontological approach, the semantic relation concept ant the object-oriented approach to answer these expectations. MOTS-CLES : document numérique, ontologie, relation sémantique, structure de document, approche orientée objet. KEYWORDS: numeric document, ontology, semantic relation, structure of document, objectoriented approach. 1. Introduction 1.1. Contexte général Dans le domaine documentaire, le support papier, avec l’avènement du Web et des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication

SAS Text Analytics contient plusieurs composants : - Enterprise Content Categorization : module permettant plusieurs fonctions dont la catégorisation automatisée l'identification des documents dupliqués et la synthèse de texte. - Ontology Management : composant permettant de valoriser au maximum les référentiels de texte en établissant des relations cohérentes et systématiques entre eux. - Text Mining ✓ Alliance et partenariat SAS grâce à son programme de partenariat SAS

within KONEPS. In this case, the goods contracted with PPS are conveniently purchased since the system promote a high quality of service, and supports the development of new technology or sales routes for small medium company products. Second, the ontology technology was linked to the product information system of KONEPS and the intelligent type product information system was opened in March 2006 to provide an artificial intelligence search service. Third, the IT Service System Management (ITSM)

from his profile, his historical search and his interactions with the system. This approach is supported by the “PRESY” tool showing its applicability to real search tools. In a second approach we propose to take into account the semantics using ontology during the phases of query reformulation and documents indexing. The “AnimSe Finder” tools that we developed in this context concretize this proposal. In terms of improving the evaluation of IRS, we propose a first approach based on three complementary

SIG. Des travaux récents tels que [HAK 01] montrent l’usage des ontologies pour résoudre l’hétérogénéité sémantique des SIG. Fonseca et al. proposent une architec- Des SIG aux ontologies géographiques 3 ture pour un système de type ODGIS (Ontology-Driven GIS) [FON 02] pour l’intégration de GIS. Les différents modèles proposés dans la littérature pour la modélisation des ontologies trouvent leurs fondements dans des domaines tels que l’intelligence artificielle, la représentation des connaissances

différenciation, le développement, les facteurs de transcription,... Figure 3. Cellular Functions of Genes Occupied by SUZ12 (A) Genes bound by SUZ12 or RNA polymerase II were compared to biological process gene ontology categories; highly represented categories are shown. Ontology terms are shown on the y axis; p-values for the significance of enrichment are graphed along the x axis (SUZ12 in green, RNA polymerase II in blue). (B) Selected examples of developmental transcription factor families

you can quickly make the sun, the things in the heavens, the earth, yourself, the other animals, manufactured items, plants and everything else mentioned just now” (Republic book 10) To elucidate this point of view we will briefly summarise plato’s ontology especially from Plato’s Republic but also from the Timoeus and Hippias Major. Plato’s claims on aesthetics takes two main angles: the Ontological and epistemological depreciation of art, and the critic of sensibility followed by a scission between

during the projects; - The construction of a ontology called “OntoDesign” allowing to handle knowledge of the domain; The design and implementation of the multi-agents system “KATRAS”, taking into account of the social and cooperative aspects of the mechanical design process and dedicated to the building of project memories all along projects. Key Words: Knowledge Management, Multi-Agent Systems, Organizational Approach, Project Memory, Ontology 6 Table des matières Introduction

"comprises" par les ordinateurs afin d'apporter à l'utilisateur ce qu'il cherche vraiment. C’est cette recherche de l’information la plus proche du souhait de l’utilisateur qui rapproche le web sémantique et le principe de la curation. OWL (Web Ontology Language)  L'objectif d'une ontologie Web est de modéliser un ensemble de connaissances dans un domaine donné, d’associer et de relier les différents concepts de ce domaine, et tout cela de manière compréhensible par les machines. RDF (Resource