Probability theory

Universit¶ des Sciences Sociales de Toulouse. e [9] Holmstrom, B. (1979) : "Moral Hazard and Observability," Bell Journal of Economics 10, 74-91. [10] Jones-Lee, M. (1974). "The Value of Changes in the Probability of Death or Injury," Journal of Political Economy 82, 835-849. [11] Mirrlees, J. A. (1975). "The Theory of Moral Hazard and Unobservable Behaviour," mimeo. Nu±eld College, Oxford. [12] Mossin, J. (1968) : "Aspects of Rational Insurance Purchasing," Journal of Political Economy 76, 553-568. [13] Pratt

willingness of citizens and firms to pay bribes. Any actual program needs to be adapted to the conditions in a particular country, but the broad outlines can be identified. Anticorruption policies can increase the benefits of being honest, increase the probability of detection and the level of punishment, reduce the corrupt opportunities under the control of public officials, and increase the accountability of government to its citizens. The incentives for corruption are influenced by: l l l l l l

Endigenous Technological change », Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), p. S71-102 Sachs J. et Warner A. (1995): «Economic convergence and Economic Policies», NBER Working Papers Series, WP n° 5039, February 1995 Solow R.M. (1956): « A contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth », Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), pp 65-94 Uzawa H. (1965) « Optimal Technical Change in an Aggregative Model of Economic Growth », International Economic Review 6, P. 18-61 Walt W. Rostow (1960): « les étapes du développement

probabilité établie sur des statistiques. La probabilité que la durée de vie X d’un système soit inférieure à une date tp s’écrit alors tp P (X ≤ tp ) = f (t)dt, (1.8) 0 où f (t) représente la fonction de densité de probabilité (pdf pour "probability density function") de défaillance. Le taux de défaillance d’un système, noté λ(t), représente la probabilité pour que le système tombe en panne dans l’intervalle ]t, t + dt] sachant qu’il était en bon état à l’instant t : λ(t)dt = P (X ≤ t + dt|X

indirectement cette question de la spécificité des « objets » échangés sur des marchés, dès lors que l’on y fait la distinction entre les « exchange role markets » et les « fixed role markets ». Voir par exemple, P. Aspers, « Performativity, neoclassical theory and economic sociology », Economic Sociology, vol 6, n°2, février 2005. 47 M. Armatte, « Lucien March (1859 – 1933) Une statistique mathématique sans probabilité ? » Journ@l électronique d’Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique, vol 1

adolescent smoking patterns. Health Psychol 1990, 9 : 701-716 CHEN PH, WHITE HR, PANDINA RJ. Predictors of smoking cessation from adolescence into young adulthood. Addict Behav 2001, 26 : 517-529 CHOI WS, GILPIN EA, FARKAS AJ, PIERCE JP. Determining the probability of future smoking among adolescents. Addiction 2001, 96 : 313-323 CHRISTEN JA, CHRISTEN AG. The female smoker : from addiction to recovery. Indianapolis : Indiana University School of Medicine, 1998 DIFRANZA JR, RIGOTTI NA, MCNEILL AD, OCKENE

worker takes on the task of helping as much as possible. Much more is said about this in chapter 2. To portray the typical course of aging does not help us much to predict what happens to any given individual, except as a statement of statistical probability. If we do not grasp this fact, we will never understand aging. There is, in effect, no absolute chronological age when we can be said to be aging or old. This is why we make silly statements like “We are aging from the moment we are born.” Without

Organisation of the Canadian Judicature 99 2.2 Constitutional Appeals Under the Constitution Act of 1867 99 2.3 Le recours sous les Chartes 100 Chapter VII - Federalism and the Distribution of Powers 100 Introduction 100 Section 1: Theory of Federalism 100 1.1 Federations, Confederations, and Unitary States 100 a) Federation 100 b) Confederation 101 c) Unitary State 101 d) Special Status 101 Section 2: Canadian Federalism 101 *Liquidators

Embedded within each and every estimate is a probability that the work will be completed in the estimated time. Suppose your team has been asked to develop a new high-end word processor. The probability of finishing this by the end of 18 |Chapter 2 Why Planning Fails the week is 0%. The probability of finishing it in ten years is 100%. If I ask you for an estimate and you tell me the end of the week, that estimate comes with a probability of 0%. If the estimate you give me is ten years

reasons to use other brand alliance strategies include the interdependent image improvements that accompany a collaboration with a complementary partner, and signalling benefits (Wernerfelt (1988); Erdem and Swait (1998)). According to signalling theory, the combination of two brands provides consumers with greater assurance about product quality, which then results in higher product evaluations and premium prices (Rao et al. (1999)). However, a co-branding strategy is the only approach in which