Summation

simple “.” représente un zéro, tandis que INF représente l’infini. 8.5. LOGICIELS D’OPTIMISATION 103 Sommations La notation mathématique j xj se traduira par SUM(j,x(j)) En d’autres termes, nous avons la syntaxe SUM( index of summation, names(index)) Il est possible d’imbriquer les sommations. Ainsi, j i xji donnera SUM(j,SUM(i,x(j,i)) ou encore SUM((j,i),x(j,i)) Définition d’ensemble Spécifier les variables une à une est vite fastidieux, pour ne pas dire irréaliste

et la caricature, 1906. Kline, The psychology of humor (American Journal of Psychology, vol. XVIII, 1907, p. 421-441). Baldensperger, Les définitions de l’humour (Études d’histoire littéraire, 1907, vol. I). Bawden, The Comic as illustrating the summation-irradiation theory of pleasure-pain (Psychological Review, 1910, vol. XVII, p. 336-346). Schauer, Ueber das Wesen der Komik (Arch. f. die gesamte Psychologie, vol. XVIII, 1910, p. 411-427). Kallen, The aesthetic principle in comedy (American Journal

productivité ? Economie et prévision n° 106. HANSEN G. D. (1985) "Indivisible Labor and The Business Cycle" Journal of Monetary Economics KING, PLOSSER (1984) Money, Credit and Prices in a Real Business Cycle, American Economic Review. SLUTSKY (1937) "The Summation of Random Causes as the Source of Cyclic Processes" Econometrica. (publication originelle en langue russe en 1927) VI/ Cycles politiques : Nordhaus (1975) The Political Business Cycle, The Review of Economic Studies. Hibbs (1977) Political parties

├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ ┌─┤ 29 ├───────┤ 2.72 │ 2.99 │ 0.10 │ │ STEP D │ ├─────────┤ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ STEP C │ │ 28 ├───────┤ 3.00 │ 3.28 │ 0.11 │ │ Enter the difference │ ├─────────┤ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ between the last tax Enter the summation of │ │ 29 ├───────┤ 3.29 │ 3.57 │ 0.12 │ │ amount applicable to the Breakpoints for the │ ├─────────┤ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ ├ the "Regular" "Regular" Breakpoint │ │ 29 ├───────┤ 3.58 │ 3.85 │ 0.13 │ │ Breakpoint sequence sequence (200)

energy sources can be difficult to control. They are based on weather related phenomena, such as wind, sun and rain. To adjust energy production to consumption, it can therefore be necessary to store energy for short or long periods of time. General summation points: • Pumped hydro storage is the most effective and most used technology to store energy. • Compressed air can store large amounts of energy. • Flywheels, batteries and super capacitors have considerably lower capacity than pumped hydro storage

accomplished or not applicable) and the type of assistance required (no assistance, assistive device, adaptation and/or human assistance). A 10-grade scale of accomplishment was developed by combining the two concepts. A score was calculated based on the summation of raw scores of life habits pertaining to each participation domain on a 0-10 scale (normalized score). A higher score indicates a higher level of social participation. Globally 152 a domain score equal or above eight indicates that the

French softly, rapidly, the woman glancing alternately at both men, alternately smiling and looking pensive. Decisions of no great import were being made. Laughter intermingled with semi-serious interrogation. “You’ll be going home then after the summations tomorrow?” asked the man on the left. “I’m not sure. I’m waiting for word from Ottawa,” the woman replied. “I have relations in Lyon; it would be good to see them.” “It’s impossible,” said the man on the right, “for the steering committee to find

aléatoire limite (au sens de la « convergence en loi ») : par exemple comme limite de la moyenne dans les épreuves répétées. Smirnov (test de) Voir [Kolmogorov-] Smirnov (test de). sommation (formules de) ➤ Somme des n premiers entiers (summation formulae) Formules utiles pour des calculs relatifs à des probabilités discrètes n 1+2+3+…+n = k=1 ∑ k = -------------------2 n–1 n(n + 1) ➤ Somme des n premiers termes d’une progression arithmétique a + (a + b) + (a + 2b)

addition, intermarriage and urbanization have over time weakened tribal structures. Tribal leaders may therefore not be able to reach out to all members, especially since the conflict has split some tribes into pro­ and anti­regime factions. In summation, the regime clearly relies on the revolutionary structure 13 that exists in parallel to the de­ mocratic institutions as well as on Qadhâfi’spersonal leadership. But if it were to lose its tribal backbone, it would also lose the authority needed

r.v. is another F with the degrees of freedom switched); Includes normal, gamma, beta, χ2 , binomial, Poisson, and negative binomial. C&B Theorem 3.4.2 gives results that may help calculate mean and variance using differentiation, rather than summation/integration. Can be re-parametrized as: f (x|η) = h(x)c∗ (η) exp k X i=1 ! ηi ti (x) , over “natural parameter space” H ≡ {η = R P (η1 , . . . , ηk ) : R h(x) exp( k ηi ti (x)) dx < ∞}, where for i=1 R P all η ∈ H, we have c∗ (η) ≡ [