Thermodynamics

Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010. En ligne, 2012-01-17 [archive]. ↑ Lustig RH. Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the first law of thermodynamics. Nature Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2(8):447–458. 2006. (Résumé [archive]) ↑ OMS - Genève, World Health Organization (Mise à jour Mar 2011): http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheet​s/fs311/en/ [archive] Obesity and Overweight, Factsheet

and Water Quality. CABI Publishing.502 p. Helgeson H.C., Murphy W., Aagaard P. (1984) Thermodynamic and kinetic constraints on reaction rates among minerals and aqueous solutions : II. Rate constants, effective surface area and hydrolysis of feldspars. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 2405-2432. Helgeson H.C., Aagaard P. (1985) Activity / composition relations among silicates and aqueous solutions : I. Thermodynamics of intrasite mixing and substitutional order / disorder in minerals. Am. J. Sci., 285

definition is typically provided by experts of the application area or the literature in related fields. For example, temperature stimuli required for testing a heating control system can be modeled with heat transfer formulas described in any thermodynamics books (e.g., [41]). Other types of stimulus can be introduced by replaying logs of measurements collected in a real environment. For example, to design zero-energy building, extensive measurements are carried out to log the variations in temperature

alternansucrase (EC 2.4.1.140). These enzymes can use simple carbohydrate from agricultural origin as glycosyl donors [Monsan et Paul, 1995]. Glycosidases are hydrolytic enzymes, which can catalyze at a certain extent either reverse hydrolysis (thermodynamic control) or transglycosylation (kinetically-controlled process) synthesis reactions [Perugino et al., 2004]. Various endo- or exo-enzymes, wild or genetically modified and produced by different bacteria or moulds are able to produce IMO from various

surface topography and roughness, or also by the physico-chemical properties of both interacting entities, such as hydrophobicity. This work intends to investigate aerial algae adhesion process from a physico-chemical point of view. Indeed, by the thermodynamic approach, micro-organisms adhesion to substrata is thought to be mediated by interfacial free energies driving forces (Bos et al. 1999). Thus, we characterized algal strains and model surfaces in terms of their interfacial free energies components

assume that the variability Numerical models, particularly those known as GCMs, are the central tool for understanding the ocean circulation in any epoch. Models are essential, because the equations of fluid dynamics and ancillary ones such as thermodynamics and biogeochemistry represent all theoretical knowledge but cannot be solved analytically. A good numerical model represents all of the elements believed necessary to replicate the physics of the circulation and preferably (but extremely rarely)

exchange of heat through adjoining bodies, and the generation of heat by combustion or chemical reaction. Two laws of thermodynamics are used in the study of thermal systems. The first governs the way in which heat energy is produced and determines the amount generated. The second governs the flow of heat. Temperature changes in an isolated body conform to the first law of thermodynamics. For a given body, heat input raises the internal energy, and the rate of change of body temperature will be proportional

Revel, J.C., 2000. An approach for a thermodynamic treatment of the humic substances in soils and plants nutritional environment. In: Proceedings of the International Humic Substances Society on Entering the Third Millenium with a common approach to Humic Substances and Organic Matter in Water, soil and Sediment, Proceedings Vol.1. France: Toulouse, pp. 23-28. Tardy, Y., de Toledo, M.C.M., Bailly, J.R., Guiresse, M., Revel, J.C., 2005. Towards the thermodynamic treatment of humic substances in soils

1979 R., H. PERRY, C. H. CHILTON "Chemical Engineers' Handbook" Fifth Edition, Mc GRAW-HILL, 1973 et 1984 En révision permanente Pour réviser ses connaissances en thermodynamique chimique, M., M. ABBOT, H., C. VAN NESS "Theory and Problems of Thermodynamics" Shaum's Outlines Series, Mc GRAW-HILL,Inc.,1989. Ressources statistiques BP Statistical Review of World Energy, London 2003. Journal TRENDS, décembre 2003. Pour une référence scolaire spécifique : G., A. L'HOMME "Emploi des combustibles" Université

vient ds = c p et s2 − s1 = c p ln T2 p2 − r ln T1 p1 (72) dp dT dp dT − v = cp −r T T T p (71) E.N.S.A.M. Lille Didier Descamps 32 Aide-Mémoire de Thermodynamique 9 Principales transformations des gaz parfaits The three laws of thermodynamics : (1) You can’t get anything without working for it. (2) The most you can accomplish by working is to break even. (3) You can only break even at absolute zero. Dans l’étude de ces transformations classiques, nous négligerons les variations de