War on Terrorism

account for the variation of patterns of war and peace among the great powers over the last two hundred years and a theory that attempts to explain why war itself takes place. Second, it is common to come across the phrase normative theory. Unlike empirical theory, normative theory is concerned to elaborate the ethical standards used to judge international conduct. Today, there exists a large body of normative theory concerned with the use of force (just war theory) and distributive justice in IR.

government was as well when, in October 26th, 2001, it signed the USA Patriot act into law which broadened the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. Similarly, the decision to go to war against Iraq was based on a confirmation bias. The government at the time ignored several reports and made their decisions based on their information that confirmed their preconceptions. In this case, it was Saddam Hussein’s

especially American Imperialism. Indeed, the United States early understood the high potential of this area and consequently the importance to control it due to its rich natural resources, namely oil. This desire took shape shortly after the First World War, that it is no wonder why the Muslim Brotherhood may have appeared at that same time (Amin Saikal 2003). The starting point of a long series of imperialist attempts over the area is the alliance in 1933 between the US and the Saudi Arabia, a theocratic

..........6 King Nadir Shah and King Zahir Shah........................................................................6 The first Republic of Afghanistan till the Taliban and Hamid Karzaï...........................7 The economy of Afghanistan: War, shadow and subsistence......................8 The Afghan economy by Pain & Goodhand................................................................9 The institutional organisation of Afghanistan: Chaos but hope................11 The Islamic Republic

pouvoirs …………………………………………………………………91 Deuxième partie – LE SOFT TOTALITARISME Chapitre 1. Sécuritarisme pathologique et capitalisme financier : « l’hiver de la démocratie » ? ……………………………………………………………………………….95 Homeland Security et Preemptive War ou les chemins de la servitude ……………………...95 De Keynes à Darwin ou le triomphe de la sélection naturelle ……………………………...106 Chapitre 2. La « guerre des clones » ou le nouveau visage du syndrome totalitaire ….143 Passion de l’Un et totalitarisme :

and Syria. “At the moment, I project the scarcity of water within 5 years,” he says. “I can promise that if there is not sufficient water in our region, if there is scarcity of water, if people remain thirsty for water, then we shall doubtless face war.” The Jordan Valley is not unique. In other ancient water systems - the Nile, the Tigris and the Euphrates - there is also a danger of conflict over water. Palestinians gathering water from a spring in their village use a quarter as much water as their

Harm and intent (how about insulting minority groups ?) Justification and exculpation or a third way (Drugs, prostitution, euthanasia) Punishment (the entrustment order for the dangerous criminal) Investigating crimes and proactive policing (Terrorism and the Rule of Law/the role of attorney – Organized crime) Prosecution Trial (victims, witnesses and experts) – inquisitional procedure Reopening of procedure (innocent convicts) – which cases should be reinvestigate ? Criminal law as well

l’auteur est reconnu comme un promoteur du discours américain sur la « menace chinoise ». 4. Cf. Christopher J. Pehrson, String of Pearls: Meeting the Challenge of China’s Rising Power Across the Asian Littoral, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, juillet 2006. 5. Cf. Olivier Zajec, « Actualité et réalité du Collier de perles », Monde chinois, n° 18, été 2009. 188 Laurent Amelot & Hamilton pour le compte de l’Office of Net Assessment, une structure du Département de la Défense

militaires, politiques et économiques américaines»4. 1 Kennedy Paul, Naissance et déclin des grandes puissances, Paris, Éditions Payot, 1989, 730 pages 2 McCormick Thomas, America's Half-century : United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War and After, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, 312 pages 3 Strange Susan, The Retreat of the State : The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Cambridge, Cambridge university press, 1996, 218 pages 4 Jervis Robert & Hogan

es importante enfoscarse un poco mas en la Patriota Ley para entender las consecuencias reales en Estados Unidos… y el mundo. Esa ley, llamada Uniting and Strenghtening America by Provinding Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act en Estados Unidos se compone de mas de 150 artículos permite de tener informaciones del tipo que sea de cada ciudadano de ese país sospechado de terrorismo. No obstante, Mark Corallo del ministerio de la Justicia quiere tranquilizar los ciudadanos