Civilisation britannique : la question de la décentraisation
Devolution works in a sovereign state. It is the statutory granting of powers from the central government to government at a subnational level. It is a transfer of legislative authority and regulations towards parliaments or regional assemblies elected by direct vote.
Devolution is not symetric in the United Kingdom. In the UK, government was created following simple majority referenda in Wales and Scotland in 1997. In 1998, the Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales and Northern Ireland Assembly were established by law. 18 years before, in 1979, the question of devolution has started .
Since 1997, The Labour party suggests a program of modernization and democratization of the political life and of being able to premises, that is to say a programm of regionalization.
education in the United Kingdom : a decentralized/devoluted system
The DES ministry, which is the department of education and science, gives responsibilities to various Secretaries of State. Morover, there is local authorities which make locally schools work. This Local Education Authorities takes care of the education and supply stock scholarships at local levels.
There are 433Local Education Authorities in the United Kingdom : 356 in England, 26 in Northern Ireland, 32 in Scotland and 22 in Wales.
LEA recruit teachers, determine schoolprograms and control schools. Furthermore, intendants/directors of schools and middle schools locally have so a lot of influence. As a result, schools are diversifyed in the United Kingdom.
This system is a system of watched freedom because of a national bar. The ministry of DES makes know its requirements for the LEAs. Government controls schools thanks to the HMIs = Her Majesty's Inspectors. they wrtite reports on establishments.
For instance, ILEA ( = Inner London Education Authority )school was recently criticized a lot for their poor results regarding to the cost of its education.
There is the School Council for