Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come.
The term was used for the first time by the Brundtland Commission. In fact in 1987, the United Nations released the Brundtland Report which defines sustainable development as “development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. This definition recalls the remarks attributed to Antoine de Saint-Exupery: “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children”.
In 1992: it was the Rio Summit : The Second Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It was the Consecration of the term sustainable development.
In 1997 The Kyoto protocol on global warming has brought together 159 countries.
In 2002 At the World Summit on Sustainable Development a policy statement has been adopted it was the Johannesburg conference.
To understand what is sustainable development, it is necessary to take into account the context in which it appeared. Given the urgency of the ecological and social crisis that manifests itself now as global like: * Climate change, * Oil crisis, * Global warning * Lake of drinking water * Food security, * Global population growth, * Natural disasters and industrial etc…
Sustainable development is a response by all actors (governments, economic actors, civil society) to reconsider the economic growth on a global scale to take into account aspects environmental, cultural and social development.
The objectif of sustainable development is to establish sustainable patterns that balance the three aspects of economic, social and ecological of human activities: "three pillars" to be considered by communities as by company and individuals. The goal of sustainable development is to find a coherent balance and viable long-term