History of England

Introduction:
The history of England did not begin until the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, when the partition of Britain into several countries largely began.
At the height of the Roman Empire, Britannia was under the rule of the Romans. Their rule lasted until about 410, at which time the Romano-British formed various independent kingdoms. The Anglo-Saxons gradually gained control of England and became the chief rulers of the land. Raids by the Vikings were frequent after about 800. In 1066, the Normans invaded and conquered England. There was much civil war and battles with other nations throughout the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, England was ruled by the Tudors. England had conquered Wales in the 12th century and was then united with Scotland in the early 18th century to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Following the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain ruled a worldwide empire, of which, physically, little remains.

I- History of England during the Middle Ages (the English Unification to the Tudors)

1) English Unification
Alfred of Wessex died in 899 and was succeeded by his son Edward the Elder. Edward, and his brother-in-law Æthelred of Mercia, began a programme of expansion. It seems Edward had his son Athelstan brought up in the Mercian court, and on Edward's death Athelstan succeeded to the Mercian kingdom, and, after some uncertainty, Wessex.
Athelstan continued the expansion of his father.His expansion aroused ill-feeling among the other kingdoms of Britain, and he defeated a combined Scottish-Viking army at the Battle of Brunanburh. However, the unification of England was not a certainty. Under Athelstan's successors Edmund and Eadred the English kings repeatedly lost and regained control of Northumbria. Nevertheless, Edgar the Peaceful, who ruled the same expanse as Athelstan, consolidated the kingdom, which remained united thereafter.

2) The Normans consolidate the conquest
There were renewed