This article is about the 19th-century slave escape routes. For railroads built below ground, see rapid transit. For the band, see Underground Railroad (band). The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century slaves of African descent in the United States in efforts to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause.[1] The term is also applied to the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who aided the fugitives.[2] Various other routes led to Mexico or overseas.[3] An "Underground Railroad" running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession, existed from the late 17th century until shortly after the American Revolution.[4] However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860.[5] One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the "Railroad".[5]
British North America (present-day Canada), where slavery was prohibited, was a popular destination, as its long border gave many points of access. Most former slaves settled in Ontario. More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there via the network during its 20-year peak period,[6] although U.S. Census figures account for only 6,000.[7] Numerous fugitives' stories are documented in the 1872 book The Underground Railroad Records by William Still, an abolitionist who then headed the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee.[

Cet article est des chemins d'évasion d'esclave du XIXe siècle. Car les chemins de fer ont construit souterrain, voir le métro. Pour la bande(l'orchestre), voir le Chemin de fer Souterrain (la bande)((l'orchestre)).

Le Chemin de fer Souterrain était un réseau de parcours(routes) secrets et des maisons sûres utilisées par les esclaves du XIXe siècle de descente africaine aux États-Unis dans des efforts de s'échapper pour libérer des états et le Canada à