Cash Money Records

Foreign exchange policy……………………………………………………………………71 III.1.2 NBR foreign exchange operations ….…………………………………………………72 III.2 Implementation of monetary policy……………………………………………………………74 III.2.1 Liquidity Regulation ……………..………………………………………………………………74 III.2.2 Money market operations …………………………….……………………………………….74 III.3 Management of special funds and lines of credit …..…………………………..77 III.3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………..77 III.3.2 Special funds management ……………………………….……………………………77 III. 4 Foreign

payroll cards are used mainly at ATMs, providing cash to fuel the informal economy, and it is now addressing this problem. Outlook Financial authorities throughout the region have recognised the need for further expansion of electronic payments systems, but they face a number of obstacles in advancing this goal. The hurdles include low banking penetration, entrenched consumer habits of using cheques and opportunities to avoid taxes through the use of cash. Fortunately, governments and financial institutions

funds enjoy their popularity and became a valuable diversification instrument, having increased assets under their management more than 20 times in the last 15 years. However, in the issue of global financial crisis tightening up 2008 was the record year in the hedge fund industry by the number of hedge fund closures. Financial losses’ wave extension, fund withdrawal, hedge funds’ closures and bankruptcies, undoubtedly, threaten further successful industry existence. Negative dynamics of

often hand in hand with the government. As the nationʼs monetary policy regulator, the Federal Reserve determines the money supply and the interest rate at which banks lend funds to each others. It has injected massive amount of currency into the banking system and has dramatically reduced the interest rate. This has provided liquidity to the sector and has encouraged banks to lend money to other banks, as well as to companies and households. Because of the unparalleled gravity of the crisis, the Federal

reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address. Kogan Page Ltd 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN www.kogan-page.co.uk © Kogan Page and contributors 2002 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7494 3375 2 Typeset by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby Printed and bound in Great Britain by Thanet Press Ltd, Margate Contents Forewords Sir Edward George Governor, Bank of England David Irwin

number of defects or errors in a process accounting rate of return (ARR) the rate of earnings obtained on the average capital investment over the life of a capital project; computed as average annual profits divided by average investment; not based on cash flow accretion an increase in units or volume caused by the addition of material or by factors inherent in the production process activity a repetitive action performed in fulfillment of business functions activity analysis the process of detailing

system) and cash couriers to move money or operate on the margins of the formal financial system. There are also other methods that are used by terrorist groups to transfer funds with little risk of detection. International trade is particularly vulnerable, due to its size and the complexity of methods of payment. The emergence of new methods of payment through new developments in information technology present additional risks for the authorities as these enable terrorists to move money with total

affectation des ressources, répartition des ressources allocation unit (costing) unité d’imputation (calcul des coûts) alternative financial institutions institutions financières alternatives, institutions financières non traditionnelles AML (anti-money laundering) lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent amortization (asset) amortissement amortization expense (income statement, expense account) dotation aux amortissements (compte de résultat, compte de charge) amortization of a loan remboursement

bénéfices affectation des ressources, répartition des ressources unité d’imputation (calcul des coûts) institutions financières alternatives, institutions financières non traditionnelles 4 Glossaire anglais-français de la microfinance AML (anti-money laundering) amortization (asset) – generic term lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent amortissement En anglais deux termes désignent l’amortissement. Le terme « amortization » s’utilise dans le cas de l’amortissement d’un actif incorporel. Le terme

National Posts activity in the form of an industrial and commercial public enterprise 2000 - Launching of the first Tunisian electronic money e-DINAR - Establishment of the post portal on internet : www.poste.tn - Introduction of the electronic money transfers via Western Union network 2001 Exporting postal services of post stamps manufacturing and electronic money 2002 Awarding the Presidential Prize of the first enterprise distinguished by its cultural activity to Tunisian Post - Setting up of