Civilization

which adapted themselves best to their natural environment. To-day we realize, as we emerge from our fiery trial, that human victory consists in our rising superior to such mere fatalism. Civilization is based on the organization of society so that we may render service to one another, and the higher the civilization the more minute tends to be the division of labor and the more complex the organization. A great and advanced society has, in consequence, a powerful momentum; without destroying the society

Development Aid Program 20 Commission européenne, Conférence sur les centres d’affaires, Bruxelles 16-17 janvier 2003 ; Ecofinance, n° 37, novembre 2003. 21 Samuel P.Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1996 ; paru en français sous le titre Le Choc des civilizations, Odile Jacob, Paris, 1997. 18 20 sur la religion afin de s’affirmer et de trouver une place au sein des sociétés civiles du Nord. Et de l’autre, il y a une recrudescence du sentiment

tribus et eut des conversations de fond avec de nombreux Sioux, Cheyennes. Cris et Ojibways. En 1902 il entra au "International Cornmittee of Young Men's Christian Associations", choix qui le mit en contact avec 'We best produds of American civilization" (D.W.C., p. 151) parmi lesquels il voulait reprdsenter son peuple. Ayant fait beaucoup de recherches sur l'histoire de I'Am&ique, il d h u v r i t que les traites entre les Indiens et le gouvernement des Etats-Unis avaient trds rarement 616

(2008) 6 ICJ 2 159 Alon Harel, ‘II. Can We Ever Justify or Excuse Torturers?’ (2008) 6 ICJ 2 241 Paola Gaeta, ‘When is the Involvement of State Officials a Requirement for the Crime of Torture?’ (2008) 6 ICJ 2 183 USA: Torture in the name of ‘civilization’: President Bush vetoes anti-torture legislation AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Website Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/torture/ ----------------------- [1] Barbara Hudson, ‘Justice in a time of terror’ (2009)

contrôle ses armées (effectif, équipement, déploiement, etc.). Le but est de conquérir le territoire de l’adversaire en anéantissant son armée et s’appropriant ses ressources. Dans certains cas, une partie peut durer des jours. Quelques exemples : Civilization, Age of Empires, Warcraft.  Les jeux de plate-forme Il s’agit de jeux d’adresse dans lesquels on contrôle un personnage, souvent loufoque et humoristique, à travers différents niveaux afin, là encore le plus souvent, de sauver une princesse

« Principe de Nirvana », « Principe de plaisir », « Principe de réalité », in Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse, P.U.F., Paris, 1967 J. LÉONARD, Le Bonheur chez Aristote, Bruxelles, 1948 H. MARCUSE, Éros et civilisation. Contribution à Freud (Eros and Civilization. A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud, 1955), trad. J. Nény et B. Fraenkel, Minuit, Paris, 1964 M. PRADINES, Philosophie de la sensation, Paris, 1934 Psychoneuro-endocrinologie du plaisir, ouvr. coll., S.I.M.E.P., Villeurbanne, 1985 M. SCHNEIDER

considered as a bodily function, such as going to the bathroom. To go further with this conception of cross cultural differences, we can quote Levi Strauss’s conception of cuisine and culture. It can show that foodways are essentials to the human civilization in many aspects. Indeed, according to Levi Strauss, the kitchen system or foodways or food culture leads to the creation of cultural order and social hierarchy, which are indispensable elements in each society and which therefore can’t be lost

by heart because I know with me it’s useless. I reread my lessons several times, I try to understand it. Sometimes I make summaries and even translate my lessons in French. If I’m speaking of this method is that it good. We had a test in Civilization recently and our entire lesson is in English: I translated it into French. In addition to reviewing my lesson, I train for translation English / French. I had 10 and I think it's a method I will use in Semester 2 and extend it to other materials

531-568. Hannerz, U. (1996) Transnational Connections: Culture, People, Places, London: Routledge. Hearn, J. (2007) 'National Identity: Banal, Personal and Embedded'. Nations & Nationalism, 13(4): 657-674. Huntington, S. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Simon & Schuster. Mead, G. and C. Morris. (1967), Mind, self, and society from the standpoint of a social behaviourist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Moore, H. (2004) 'Late Modern Connections:

Graphic design, composition and printing: Jed Graphic & Multimédia © UNESCO 2002 • CULTURAL DIVERSITY • 2 Preface I n these troubled times with the world in search of its bearings, and wayward minds using the terms “culture” and “civilization” in an attempt to turn human beings against one another, there is an urgent need to remember how fundamental cultural diversity is to humanity itself. ever-increasing gains in diversity – had opened it up to still living forms of that creative