Parliament Acts

les actes étatiques faits au nom de la Couronne, comme les Crown Appointements (nominations au nom de la Couronne), et même s'ils sont personnellement effectués par le monarque, comme le Queen's Speech (Discours de la reine) et le State Opening of Parliament (Cérémonie d'ouverture du Parlement), dépendent de décisions faites ailleurs : le pouvoir législatif est exercé par la Couronne au Parlement, avec le conseil et le consentement du Parlement, composé de la Chambre des Lords et de la Chambre des Communes

Chambre des Lords. Cette division est caractéristique des régimes parlementaires, seulement, l’évolution institutionnelle a engendré un bicaméralisme inégalitaire. Les Parliaments Acts ont extrêmement affaibli la Chambre des Lords (A), tandis que la Chambre des Communes est devenue la Chambre principale (B). A] Les « Parliaments Acts » 1911 et 1949, deux dates clefs dans le déclin de la Chambre aristocratique. La Chambre des Lords est une Chambre aristocratique, son rôle est allé en diminuant

Legal System What is common law? English laws were based on rules developed by the royal courts during the first 3 centuries after the Norman Conquest (1066). Rules of law are developed by the courts as opposed to those created by state (acts of parliament). It’s a general system of law deriving exclusively from court decisions. Common law Droit coutumier (≠ droit commun) La loi anglaise a été fondée sur des règles élaborées par les cours royales durant les 3 premiers siècles après la conquête

Documents: “Brown Hands Key Powers to Parliament”, The Guardian “At Long Last, Here is a Chance to Start Rewiring Britain’s Creaky Democracy”, The Guardian LECTURE 3: The Monarchy 1. The Queen’s functions 2. The Queen’s speech 3. The cost of the monarchy Documents: Civil List “How Much it Takes to Live like a Queen”, New York Times. LECTURE 4: Parliament 1: the House of Commons 1. Chronology: historical focus on Parliament and its origins 2. The British Parliament: its organisation 3. The Gunpowder

INSTITUTIONS Parliament consists of the Queen and the two Houses : - the House of Commons ( the lower House ) the House of Lords ( the upper House ) The Sovereign : The Queen opens and dissolves Parliament. Each session begins with the State Opening of Parliament by the Queen. She delivers the Queen’s speech, which is the legislative agenda written by the government for the coming year. ( Wednesday, 26 May 2010 ) She gives Royal Assent to the bills passed by Parliament. She can

SEMESTRE II PART I: THE ORIGINS OF PARLIAMENT A] The early years Like in all European countries, the British parliament has his origins in a group of advisers who helped the king to make his decisions. At the beginning, these people were connected with the church or the army and the first assembly of this kind was the witan or grand council which we find in Saxon England during the reign of king offal in the VIII century. By the 10th century, the Witan were much bigger and more formal

which Welsh law, which continued to be used in Wales after the conquest, was fully replaced by English law under the Laws in Wales Acts 15351542. + NEW FLAG - Oliver Cromwell (1649): seized the power in England and Wales, and established the Commonwealth, after a long period of tension between the king and Parliament. He used his army to expel his opponents from Parliament. He died in 1658, and a new king was restored. - Glorious Revolution (1688): James II had been crowned in 1685, but because he was

stamp act 1765, et les Townshend acts de 1767, la Grande-Bretagne pouvait taxer ses treize colonies américaines. Cette décision était très mal perçue par les habitants des colonies, car ils n'étaient pas représentés au Parlement de Westminster et entendaient faire respecter le principe selon lequel un territoire non représenté ne pouvait pas être taxé (no taxation without representation). Since the promulgation of the stamp act on 1765, and Townshend acts of 1767, Great Britain could tax its

decline of Monarchy and the rise of Parliament 2 -IJK Parliament: rote, legislation and elections (the House of Commons and the House of Lords) 3 - The Prime Minister and the Cabinet 4 - Political parties 5 - Foreign and defence policy 6 – Conclusion Britain is a constitutional monarchy: it is ruled by a king or queen who accepts the advice of Parliament. It is also a parliamentary democracy, a country whose government is controlled by a parliament that has been elected by the people

Elizabeth II est le monarque du pays depuis 1953. Le Parlement est actuellement toujours bicameral. Il se compose en effet d’une chambre haute, « la Chambre des Lords », et d’une chambre basse, « la Chambre des Communes ». Les députés (Members of Parliament) sont élus pour une durée de cinq ans, au scrutin majoritaire à un tour, ce qui favorise les grands partis. Le chef du parti majoritaire à la Chambre des Communes devient Premier Ministre. Celui-ci est responsable devant le Parlement La chambre