Probability

communication between teacher and pupil improves academic performances. - The mastery of pupil's personality by the teacher stimulates academic performances. In Oder to treat our topic, we opted for and explanatory method; and the sample was constituted of probability method; notably proportional stratified sampling. In gathering information, we used a questionnaire which was addressed to 200 pupils of BOGSO, MAPAN, SONG-HOT public schools, group B of ESKA public school and group I of public school annex of ENIEG

Girard S. (2005a) « Quasi-conjugate bayes estimates for gpd parameters and application to heavy tails modelling », Extremes 8, 57-78. Diebolt J., Guillou A., Rached I. (2005b) « Approximation of the distribution of excesses using a generalized probability weighted moment method », C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 340 (5), 383-8. Efron B. (1979) « Bootstrap methods: Another look at the Jackknife », Ann. Statist., 71-26. Efron B. (1987) « Better bootstrap confidence intervals », Journal of the American

l‟application de la théorie moderne de portefeuille aux actifs bancaires. BREALEY 9 MERTON R.C. (1974), « On the Pricing of Corporate Debt : The risk structure of Interest Rate », Journal of Finance, N°29, 449-70. 10 VASICEK O. (1987), « Probability of Loss on Loan Portfolios. », KMV Corporation, San Francisco, (www.kmv.com). 11 CAREY M.(1998), « Credit Risk in Private Debt Portfolio. », Journal of Finance, Vol. 53, N°4, 13631388. 12 CROUHY M., MARK R., GALAI D. (1998), « A Comparative

bruit ou une autre lettre). On peut donc utiliser un PMC pour représenter les distributions des probabilités d’observations des états d’un modèle HMM (Figure 30). 13 [18] Renals S., Morgan N., Bourlard H., Cohen M., Franco H. : « Connectionnist Probability Estimators in HMM Speech Recognition », IEEE Transactions Speech andAudio Processing, 1994. 14 À distinguer de PMC pour Parallel Model Combination (voir [3.2.6 Gales et al 93). - 83 - François-Benoît VIALATTE Stage effectué à l’ESPCI, laboratoire

volume flux of the upper ocean, and corresponding increases in the flux in the mid-depth and abyssal waters, are visible by eye. The month-to-month variability is large (the 1165m to 4450m volume flux varies between –9 and –19Sv) leading to the high probability of aliasing in subsampled estimates. (Bottom panel) Expanded scale version of the 1165-4450m curve in the top panel to emphasize the month-to-month variability (from Wunsch and Heimbach, 2006). The large variability is dynamically and kinematically

daily rainfall records from 1961 to 1990, Sivakumar et al. (1992) calculated the average length of growing season in Niamey, Niger, to be 109 d. When the estimated onset of the rainy season is early, there is an 88% probability the growing season will exceed 110 d and a 49% probability it will exceed 130 d. When rainfall continues into July, the available moisture exceeds the potential crop evaporation demand. Early onset of the rainy season potentially enables millet pests, particularly millet head

cost a cost incurred to improve quality by preventing defects from occurring price fixing a practice by which firms conspire to set a products price at a specified level prime cost the total cost of direct material and direct labor for a product probability distribution a range of possible values for which each value has an assigned likelihood of occurrence process benchmarking benchmarking that focuses on practices and how the best-in-class companies achieved their results process complexity an assessment

………………………………………………… 26 Figure 5: TEST DU DISQUE UNITE ………………………………………………. 27 31 Annexes Annexe 1 : Les caractéristiques de Distribution de l’investissement et de ses déterminants Mean Median Maximum Minimum Std. Dev. Skewness Kurtosis Jarque-Bera Probability Sum Sum Sq. Dev. IP 13.32417 12.75000 17.34000 8.100000 2.512924 0.111736 2.185914 1.069014 0.585958 479.6700 221.0175 ICA 0.064635 0.177790 2.185670 -1.143070 0.987672 0.313274 1.828652 2.646928 0.266212 2.326870 34.14234 INVPUB 8.770500 7.822500

des Risques et Finances En méthode standard, l’approche est similaire à celle utilisée selon la méthodologie Cooke sur le principe de pondération forfaitaire, mais elle prend en compte les techniques de réduction du risque. Les trois paramètres Probability of Default (PD), Exposure At Default (EAD) et Loss Given Default (LGD) sont fixés par le régulateur sous forme de pondération à appliquer aux encours (PD, EAD) et aux garanties (LGD). NB : Approche adoptée par le Groupe BMCE pour le calcul de ses

cas de défaut)  IAS  : International accounting standards LGD  : Loss Given Default (la perte en cas de défaut) OPCVM   : Organisme de placement collectif en valeur mobilières PD  : Probability of Default (la probabilité de défaut) RMBS  : Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities VAR  : Value at Risk Listes des annexes Annexe 1 : Les trois piliers de Bâle II ; Annexe 2 : Conséquences de la crise financière