Total fertility rate

especially have spending power. They love confectionery, by-products or cute articles which are not necessarily useful. In fact, schoolgirls and schoolboys are one of the preferred customers, but the birth rate and total fertility rate keep decreasing. In 2007, children represented only 13% of the total population. E. The “Herbivorous men” Megumi Ushikubo has written about the “Herbivorous men” phenomenon (in Japanese, “Soushokukei danshi”). A few years ago, Japan gave birth to a new generation

au Japon. 2. Les problèmes démographiques - L’Europe et le Japon encore plus font face à un vieillissement rapide de leur population : Les nouveaux pays adhérents à l’UE, l’Allemagne, l’Europe méditerranéenne ont une natalité très faible (fertility rate 1,3) , Le RU(1,7) et surtout la France (2) font exception. - Le Japon est à 1,25. -à problèmes de dynamisme global, de coût social de la grande vieillesse, de financement des retraites… En Chine côtière, comme ailleurs, la politique de l’enfant

increase the profits of the capital. According to him if the products of the residents find new outlets abroad, the rate of profit of the capital will rise in the exporting sectors and the capital will put a lot into these activities. In other sectors, the production will decrease. The imbalance between the demand and the offer will pull a rise in prices which will allow obtaining a rate of profit as high as in the exporting sectors. The equality of the rates of profit will result from their general

France. Mots clés : Démographie économique, fécondité, incitations. Summary The recent increase in the French birth rate has sometimes been linked to more generous family benefits. We present here a first attempt to evaluate the sensitivity of fertility to financial incentives in France. We use a microsimulation model of the tax-benefit system to study participation and fertility choices of women. We estimate this model on individual data from the Labor Force Survey. Our (preliminary) ∗. CREST-INSEE

24 ans, les personnes âgées ….). Le mot population peut être employé pour désigner non pas la collectivité elle-même mais son effectif, c’est-à-dire le nombre total des habitants qui la composent (appelé également sa dimension ou son volume). 1.3. Etat et mouvement de la population L’état de la population est l’effectif total et la structure de la population à un moment donné. L’étude de l’état de la population envisage la population sous l’aspect statique ; elle se focalise sur les habitants

| | |Espérance de vie: (2010) | | |Population totale: 74.51 ans | | |Rang mondial: 94

Niger's population of over 11 million is growing at 3.3% per year, one of the highest rates in the world. About 85% of the population lives in a narrow strip 100-150 km wide along the 1 500-km southern border. The rural population - over 80% of the total - is growing at 2.8% per year, compared to 6% per year for the urban population. 2. Economic Performances. Following the uranium boom of the 1970s, Niger experienced a steady deterioration of economic, social and political conditions. The

of the Northwest Province consist of nearly one hundred chiefdoms each ruled by a divine king (fon) . Most of these chiefdoms have patrilineal or dual descent kinship systems, although some groups, such as the Kom, are matrilineal. Polygyny and fertility are important cultural values, although this varies by wealth and education. The social organization and culture of the Grassfielders are closely related to those of the French-speaking Bamiléké peoples of the Western province. Like the Bamiléké

56 577 762,4 526,2 13,4 9,3 7,3 5,1 72,7 81,0 27,6 25,6 28,3 1,78 2000 58 858 774,8 530,9 13,1 9,0 4,4 5,0 75,3 82,8 30,2 28,0 29,4 1,87 2008 (p) 62 106 801,0 533,0 12,9 8,6 3,6 4,3 77,6 84,4 31,42 29,52 29,9 2,00 Population1 Total (thousand) Total (en milliers) Naissances (en milliers) Décès (en milliers) Taux de natalité (en ‰) Taux de mortalité (en ‰) Taux de mortalité infantile (en ‰) Taux de nuptialité (en ‰) Espérance de vie des hommes Espérance de vie des femmes Âge moyen

of aging population as one can think. Indeed with this system, when it will come to the retiring age, people are going to seek selling all their assets to obtain their pension. If there is not enough working persons willing to buy them, the exchange rate will fall, as will the pension. It is clear that both systems have downsides. The pay-as-you-go system is lame in case of strong imbalanced population, whereas the fully funded system is dangerous in case of imbalance of the financial market. A pension