Urban Peace

are living it. Their spirit to survive is what I will always remember. I will do all within my power to bring their voices to the surface. They are part of my memories and my past; I hope they will be part of my future and I of theirs. I wish them peace, and a good life in what is to come. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION - EVOLUTIONS OF GROWTH, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY: CHALLENGES FOR THE POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY 0. Introduction 1. The achievements

Capacity in Africa: New Approaches, Emerging Lessons, Institut de la Banque Mondiale, Washington. Mamdani, M., 1976, Politics and Class Formation in Uganda, New York : Monthly Review Press. Mamdani, M., 2000, «The Politics of Peasant Communities and Urban Civil Society: Reflections on an African Dilemma», dans Deborah Bryceson et al., Disappearing Peasantries? Londres : Intermediate Technology Publishers. Mamdani, M., 2005, «Identity and National Governance», dans B. Wisner, C. Toulmin et R. Chitiga

future generations to preserve what remains of our natural environment and of wildlife. The green movement has convinced a number of consumers of the need for ‘‘green’’ or ‘‘eco- friendly’’ products, which are successfully retailed. But in a massively urban civilization where the prime-mover and the key-word is profitability, it is hard for governments and ordinary citizens to comply with the measures that ecologists advocate and that common sense would advise. It is also ethically objectionable and practically

l’aide du FEDER jusqu’en 2006 si elles remplissaient en 1999 les conditions d’éligibilité de l’objectif n°2. Par ailleurs, les moyens financiers alloués à l’objectif 1 permettent également le financement de deux programmes spéciaux : le Programme PEACE (programme de soutien au processus de paix en Irlande du 7 JANVIER 2002 • LA GAZETTE L’objectif n°2 est la reconversion économique et sociale de cinq types de zones en difficultés structurelles : • les zones industrielles de niveau NUTS III caractérisées

“The parties to this treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nation and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all government”5. The guideline of this treaty is the article 5, which engaged all parties to assist the other in case of attacks, and this in order to maintain and restore the peace and national security. By becoming a member of this organization, Norway became more and more integrated into the military aspect of NATO. Norway

(1204) revealed deep rifts in the unity of both Europe and Christendom. A new generation of non-Arthurian romances explored realistic themes in contemporary settings. Like the grail stories, they reflected the decline of court influence and the rise of urban values. Their subject was love which encountered obstacles closer to human experience: parents, social class and separation. The Chastelain de Vergi (written some time between 1203 and 1288) told a tale of tragic passion which had no roots in legend

the Atlantic Ocean, has an area of 8,511,966 km2. The capital is Brasilia, but the most important cities are Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The estimated population of Brazilian people is around 160 million. About 75% of the Brazilian population is urban. The official language is Portuguese. Many Brazilians speak another language, however, because of its origins, such as German or Italian, particularly in southern cities. 7.2. POPULATION AND AGE DISTRIBUTION The age structure in Brazil is

f a c e .......................................................................................... x x i i i Chapter One PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................................... 1 The future and peace; causes of past wan; growth of opposing interests; danger of merely juridical conceptions of the League of Nations; the possibility of world-tyranny; the problem stated. Chapter Two SOCIAL MOMENTUM ................................................

[/I) negotiations = (a round of) talks a roundtable [el) peace Ii:) a peace process [~u) peacekeeping Ii:) a roadmap [~u) a stalemate = a deadlock a showdown [~u) a diplomat [I) the diplomatic corps the diplomatic service diplomatic immunity an ambassador [(f) an embassy [e ) a consulate [D) an envoy [e) an emissary [e) an agreement = a settlement an ally [(f) a treaty Ii:) a pact a ceasefire [i:) a truce [u:) disarmament [0:) the Nobel Peace Prize conciliatory [I) neutral [ju:) non-aligned [al) to

separatist war in the southern Casamance region has claimed hundreds of lives. The conflict broke out over claims by the region's people that they were being marginalized by the Wolof, Senegal's main ethnic group. The government and rebels signed a peace pact at the end of 2004, raising hopes for reconciliation. But, still some clashes between troops and rebels occurred in October 2009. CIVIL DISORDER – 3/5: SMALL RISK 1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1064496.stm#facts