SIMO-PEKKA PARVIAINEN CRYPTOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE EXPORT

CONTROLS IN THE EU

URN:NBN:fi-fe20001230

HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO − HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET − UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI
Tiedekunta/Osasto

− Fakultet/Sektion − Faculty/Section

Laitos

− Institution − Department

Faculty of Law
Tekijä − Författare − Author

Department of Public Law

Parviainen, Simo-Pekka
Työn nimi

− Arbetets titel − Title − Subject
Aika − Datum − Date Sivumäärä − Sidoantal

Cryptographic Software Export Controls in the EU
Oppiaine − Läroämne

Administrative Law
Työn laji

− Arbetets art − Level

− Number of Pages

Pro-gradu thesis
Tiivistelmä − Referat − Abstract

1. 7.2000

89 pages

Certain software products employing digital techniques for encryption of data are subject to export controls in the EU Member States pursuant to Community law and relevant laws in the Member States. These controls are agreed globally in the framework of the so-called Wassenaar Arrangement. Wassenaar is an informal non-proliferation regime aimed at promoting international stability and responsibility in transfers of strategic (dual-use) products and technology. This thesis covers provisions of Wassenaar, Community export control laws and export control laws of Finland, Sweden, Germany, France and United Kingdom. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter discusses the ratio of export control laws and the impact they have on global trade. The ratio is originally defence-related – in general to prevent potential adversaries of participating States from having the same tools, and in particular in the case of cryptographic software to enable signals intelligence efforts. Increasingly as the use of cryptography in a civilian context has mushroomed, export restrictions can have negative effects on civilian trade. Information security solutions may also be took weak because of export restrictions on cryptography. The second chapter covers the OECD’s Cryptography Policy,