In general, we use the Present Perfect to talk about a relation between the past and the present:

*If this is the result of an action in the past: Look! I've bought a new car - Look, I just bought a new car * If the action is done: I have read the book of SB how to manage the Human Resource *If the action is completed in a period which is not yet completed (Ex during the morning, I say I've been to The Doctor's this morning - I went to the doctor this morning [ if I talk about this during the afternoon, I need to use the past tense because the period of which I speak (morning) is complete]). * If it is an action that continues for some time past until I speak (Ex. I have been playing tennis Since I Was 7 years old. * If a recent action that can be seen in the present moment as information (Ex the Prime Minister has put the President - Prime Minister recently met the President.

Present Perfect Simple

On emploie la forme simple du Present Perfect: • lorsqu'il s'agit d'un résultat ou d'une action terminée (Ex. Look! I've bought a new car. / I've read Pickwick Papers). Dans le premier cas, il y a un résultat que l'on peut constater, à savoir la voiture neuve; dans le deuxième cas, il s'agit de quelque chose qui est terminé — j'ai lu Pickwick Papers de bout en bout.

Present Perfect Progressive (or Continuous)

On emploie la forme progressive du Present Perfect: • lorsqu'il s'agit d'une action qui continue ou de la durée d'une action (Ex. I've been playing tennis since I was 7. / I've been reading Pickwick Papers. Dans le premier cas, je vous informe que je joue au tennis depuis l'âge de 7 ans (et vous pouvez supposer que je n'y ai pas renoncé); dans le deuxième cas, je vous informe que ces derniers temps, je lis Pickwick Papers (et vous pouvez supposer que je n'ai pas encore terminé ma lecture). • Il est à noter que certains verbes n'ont pas de forme progressive — les verbes d'état comme to know, to believe,