A History of Violence

neither a particular theory nor a specific method. It is best understood as an approach to studying politics and social change. This approach is distinguished from other social science approaches by its attention to real-world empirical questions, its historical orientation and its attention to the ways in which institutions structure and shape behaviour and outcomes. Although the term ‘historical institutionalism’ was not coined until the early 1990s,1 the approach is far from new. Many of the most

The Age of Realism and Naturalism The three strong advocates of 19th century American realism • William Dean Howells (critic)豪威尔斯 • Henry James 詹姆斯 • Mark Twain 马克• 吐温 Background • The Civil War marked a deterioration of American moral values. • Increasing industrialization and mechanization produced extremes of wealth and poverty. • The romantic view of man in the New World began to lose its hold on the imagination of the people. • By the 1870s New England

11 novembre 1918 - 69622 Villeurbanne cedex terret@univ-lyon1.fr Résumé : Les travaux qui envisagent les relations entre sport et masculinité, peu nombreux en France, sont développés depuis une vingtaine d’années dans la littérature anglo-saxonne. À partir d’un repérage des principales études menées sur cette question en psychologie, en sociologie et en histoire, quelques ouvrages clés sont identifiés, qui permettent d’illustrer les grandes questions qui apparaissent aujourd’hui. L’utilisation du

l’universalisme (religion). Henry VIII : a eu un conseiller named Thomas Moore…he was an influential person and against prodestantism-he was a universalist. He said you must protect unity of the church. The rest of the catholic clergy accepts the separation. The national feeling is an issue according to Moore. He was sentenced to death. The parliament supported Henry . The Anglican church won in popularity. The national idea already penetrated the spirit and Henry changed all of the churches to Anglican. The

especially by the terrorist attacks of the last years in London; Linda Colley, (born in 1949) is a leading historian of Britain, empire and nationalism. She is currently Shelby M.C. Davis 1958 Professor of History at Princeton University in the United States. In this article “BRITISH VALUES, WHATEVER THEY ARE  WON’T HOLD US TOGETHER” published on May 18th, 2006 by a daily left wing paper “the Guardian” , as the title suggest, Colley suggests her approach in promoting a “ new citizen identity” more than

title of the text, we can deduce that it will deal with events in Gandhi’s life and more precisely about the beginning of his protest, activism and the crusade he engaged in to fight for civil rights. Gandhi was an Indian political and spiritual leader who led India to independence from the British. He is known for being a pioneer of resistance through civil-disobedience founded upon non-violence. The text is an extract from a novel written by Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht in 1965, which is a biography

“ We have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of blue states and red states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America “ . When he was elected President of the United States on November 4th last year, Barack Obama seemed to embody a new, reconciled America. His speech itself, as shows the previous extract, expressed the idea that Americans were no longer divided: a black president in the White house, the symbol was strong enough to give credence to this belief

From the start of his career in the early days of the French Nouvelle Vague, Louis Malle achieved his reputation as a provocative, controversial filmmaker. His 1974 film Lacombe, Lucien, is no exception. Like many of his other films, Lacombe Lucien broke not only cinematic but also social taboos; the film, which tells the story of a peasant boy who becomes involved in the French collaboration, helped to destroy the collective black-and-white perception of the resistance and collaboration movements

promote -a warmonger (somebody who promotes war) −>a hawk −>hawkish/hawkishness -Hate mongering groups -Cowardice ≠ bravery /fortitude -to chicken out: to run away so not to fight −>a chicken hawk: someone who advocates going to war but who never fought (for instance, George W. Bush who was skilful enough not to go to Vietnam) -an obnoxious speech: a xenophobic diatribe /homophobic propaganda… *They are two million £ ≠ they are millions of £ *They are - scores of - dozens of

mafia is one of the most enduring images of organised crime, but separating fictional images of organised crime from the real thing has not been easy. Overall, organised crime is a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public demand. Its continuing existence is maintained through the use of force, threats, monopoly control, and/or the corruption of public officials. The past 20 years have seen a decline in the influence of Italian –American