Currency

“Should the UK adopt the Euro as its currency”? The issue needs to be faced, of course, from different points of view. As for the citizen’s point of view, there are two sides that deserve careful consideration: the “domestic” and the “out of the border” point of views. As for the domestic point of view, it cannot be denied that, practically in all of the European countries (surely in Italy, France, Spain and Germany), the introduction of the Euro caused, in general, a sensible rise in prices

stockmarket, previously one of Asia's most bracing (see chart). From worrying about upward pressure on the dong, the authorities now fear a currency collapse. Some economists worry this could spill over to other Asian countries where inflation is also reaching alarming levels. The central bank has announced a 2% devaluation, hoping to relieve the pressures on the currency. It also raised its base interest rate from 12% to 14%. The moves, however meek, briefly supported the stockmarket, which had fallen

acceptable answer can be obtained by applying a single weighted average discount rate that reflects the estimated timing and amount of benefit payments and the currency in which the benefits are to be paid.[97] The rate used should be determined ‘by reference to’ the yield (at the balance sheet date) on high quality corporate bonds of currency and term consistent with the liabilities. In countries where there is no deep market in such bonds, the yields on government bonds should be used instead.[98]

montant déterminé de devises étrangères et s’engagent mutuellement à effectuer régulièrement des paiements correspondant aux intérêts ainsi qu’à se rendre le montant échangé à une échéance déterminée. En anglais ces swaps sont appelés cross currency swap ou currency interest rate swap (CIRS). Il existe différents types de swap : • les swaps export sont consentis par des banques aux exportateurs dans certains pays. Ils représentent en quelque sorte une avance en devises convertibles de la Banque

United Kingdom, France and €uro. How much did the UK take advantage of keeping its currency in comparison with France which is in the European Union?   B uilding an European union means a huge cooperation between all the European nations has to be set up. The first and the most important aim had been instituted: peace. Nevertheless, lots of difficulties have appeared: exchanges rates’ crisis, oil chocks, Germany’s reunification, adherence of new countries…. And yet, at last but not least

factoring company which will offer him a credit 90% more expensive than the one offered by a bank. - Bill of exchange - Pledging of bills (similar to discounting the bill by a bank) - Discounting of bills by a bank (if the bill is in a foreign currency, discounting rate would be more or less equal to the overdraft one and the company should hegde against FERE) B- Long-term 1) Supplier credit : - Promissory notes - B/E > 6 months - Forfeteing (discounting without recourse, the drawer is

obligate the borrower to make the payments. Super currency A supranational currency printed by the International Monetary Fund that would be tied to a basket of reserve currencies. The concept of a global super currency has been periodically discussed between world leaders as well as endorsed by 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz and well known business leader George Soros for years. A super currency could also be tied to a single currency, but the interconnectedness of world financial

crise de légitimité de l'unité de compte domestique qui érode progressivement la souveraineté monétaire. Confrontées à la fuite devant la monnaie nationale, les autorités tentent alors de mener une action de résistance institutionnelle — dont le Currency Board peut être l’un des modes d’expression. Dans les situations les plus critiques, les autorités peuvent prononcer la dollarisation officielle et intégrale. Cette stratégie de fuite en avant n’est cependant pas neutre. Elle lance un défi au principe

you have to know the culture and the traditions of the country you visit for business, to create a favorable climate and to keep good relationship. If you don’t respect the cultural differences, you can fail in your negotiation. - Currency risk: if the currency in which you export your products drop, the value of your products decrease and you will lose profit. - Country risk: depending on the political climate, regulation, legislation, protectionism of the countries. You can be out of

enquadramento histórico próximo, bem como procuramos clarificar as perspectivas que se colocam com vista à sua superação. Assim, na próxima secção, analisaremos o programa de reformas lançado no início dos anos 1990, em particular a instauração do currency board e a participação no Mercosul, bem como os seus principais resultados imediatos. Na secção 3, abordamos sobretudo a evolução posterior a 1995, examinando atentamente a sustentabilidade daquelas apostas e as relações entre elas, tendo em conta