Inequality

33 Réformer les subventions au prix de l’énergie – Quelques questions de conception Rocha, Sonia, Transfêrencias de Renda Focalizadas. Seminar on Education, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, October 17, 2006. Soares, Fabio Veras et. al. Cash Transfer Programmes in Brazil: Impact On Inequality And Poverty. Working paper No. 21. International Poverty Centre, UNDP, New York, 2006. Sumarto, Sudarno, Suryahadi, Asep, and Pritchett, Lant. Safety Nets and Safety Ropes, Who Benefited

Liberalization Benefit Manufacturing Firms? », Journal of International Economics, Vol. 85, pp. 136-146. Barros, B., M. de Carvalho, S. Franco et R. Mendonça (2010), « Markets, the State and the Dynamics of Inequality: Brazil’s case study », dans : L. López-Calva et N. Lustig (dir. publ.), Declining Inequality in Latin America: a Decade of Progress?, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Calderón, C. et L. Servén (2010), « Infrastructure in Latin America », World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No.

35-37; Franke 2004, pp. 188-191; see also Dominguez /Lawson 2004. 62 See 41 and Boris/ Sterr 2002, pp. 90, 93; Estévez/ Poiré 2001, p. 15. 63 Cited of Olvera 1997, p. 106. 20 Thus, as it is the case in Latin America as well, where facing inequality and instability due to the lack of effective democratic institutions, the greatest challenge for civil society can be its own institutionalization and the operationalization and universalization of rights. Likewise, old political practices and traditions

96(2225):94-99. OAEine Theorie der Gerechtigkeit. Franfurt: Suhrkamp, 1975. German translation by Hermann Vetter of a 1975, altered version of A Theory of Justice (1971). "A Theory of Justice." In Donald M. Levine and Mary Jo Bane, eds., The `Inequality' Controversy: Schooling and Distributive Justice, pp. 228-251. New York: Basic Books, 1975. See A Theory of Justice (1971). "Zwei Regelbegriffe." In Otfried Höffe, ed., Einführung in die utilitaristische Ethik: Klassische und zeitgenössische

Duranton, 2006).On peut alors se demander si des effets de congestion ne viennent pas limiter le second mécanisme et ainsi réduire les besoins en formation continue dans les plus grandes villes. Bibliographie Acemoglu D. (2002), « Technical change, inequality and the labor market », Journal of Economic Literature, vol 40, pp. 7-72. Aventur F. et Hanchane S. (1999), « Inégalités d’accès et pratiques de formation continue dans les entreprises françaises », Formation et emploi, n°66, pp. 5-20. Blanc M.

Democracy, vol 15, no 4, 2004, p. 61-75. Journal of Democracy, « The quality of Democracy», vol 15, n0 4, October 2004 : articles de G. O’Donnell (Rule of Law) ; P. Schmitter (Accountability) ; L. Morlino, D. Beetham (Freedom) ; D. Rueschemeyer (Inequality) ; Michael Bratton (Alternation in Africa). Graciela Ducatenzeiler et Diane Ethier, (dir.) « La consolidation de la démocratie: nouveaux questionnements », Revue internationale de politique comparée, Vol 8, n0 2, été 2001. 6 David Collier

relational orientation. The horizontal orientation is characterized by an emphasis on equality and people’s similarity on individual attributes, especially status. The vertical orientation is characterized by an emphasis on hierarchy, an acceptance of inequality, and the assumption that rank has its privileges (Triandis, 1995, p. 44; Triandis & Gelfand, 1998). Examples of the four possible manifestations of individualism and collectivism include the following: In horizontal individualistic cultures, individuals

International Economic Review 38(4), 809–824. Schott, P. K. (2004). Across-product versus within-product specialization in international trade. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(2), 646–677. Verhoogen, E. A. (2008). Trade, quality upgrading, and wage inequality in the mexican manufacturing Lionel Fontagné, décembre 2013 25 

Graeme, Oil prices: George Soros warns that speculators could trigger stock market 06/03/2008 The Guardian[3] [archive] 4. ↑ "Greenspan Concedes Error on Regulation", New York Times consulté le 18/04/2009-04-18 nytimes.com [archive] 5. ↑ Inequality and depression: Ravi Batra's original thesis on financial crisis publié le 27/09/1987 dans Forbes 6. ↑ les critères [archive] du NBER 7. ↑ David Lightman Congressional Budget Office compares downturn to Great Depression [4] [archive] McClatchy

Y ⇐⇒ Ru (X) ≤ Ru (Y ) D´monstration. von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944) or Fishburn e (1970). The continuity of u comes from the continuity assumption of the ordering. If u is concave, the risk taker is said to be risk adverse since (Jensen’s inequality) EP (u(X)) ≤ u(EP (X)). 53 ´ ´ Arthur CHARPENTIER - econometrie de la finance (2008/2009) The expected utility approach The insurance premium is then obtained by the null utility principle : π(X) satisfies EP (u(π(X) − X)) = 0. Example 10