Macroeconomics

Latin American Macroeconomics Overview Professor: Javier Garcia-Cicco Lecture 1: • Outline of the course. • Some stylized facts about Latin America. • Pro-cyclicality • Terms of Trade and the curse of natural resources. LATAM MACRO - Lecture 1 1 Outline of the Course • Lecture 1: Stylized facts about Latin America. The curse of natural resources • Lecture 2: Fear of floating. Dollarisation. Sudden stops. Default risk. • Lecture 3: Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Rules. Recent crisis

Introduction This paper aims to study the causes of unemployment offered by the principal schools of through in macroeconomics and to explain the causes of unemployment; I have chosen to study the French case. An internationally recognised definition of unemployment considers the unemployed to be people of working age who are jobless but who are both available for work and actively seeking employment. (Chapter 9 of Mulhearn & Vane, 2011) Major political issue and still relevant, unemployment

des idées et des politiques de sécurité Définir la communauté internationale Séminaire transdisciplinaire Tutorat + Langue + Mémoire 87 Spécialité Economie SEMESTRE 1 (octobre – janvier) Enseignements obligatoires Open economy macroeconomics Microéconomie Politique commerciale Economics of regulation I Mathématiques de base Atelier 28 28 28 28 28 14 Atelier SEMESTRE 2 (février – juin) Enseignements obligatoires Economie du développement Economie industrielle Commerce international

about the Bulgarian business environment? • Is it a distorted view of the actual situation? • Significant renewal of interest - opportunity and potential. Still an emerging market. • Sustainable growth – commitment to structural reforms and sound macroeconomic policies. Rapid growth in private business activity • At what stage are we now? • Should be optimistic? Bulgarian Retail Industry Overview • Relatively small and highly fragmented market • Steady GDP growth rate of more than 6 %. Property

et long terme afin d’approfondir l’analyse des résultats obtenus. Ces améliorations et travaux économétriques ont été effectués avec d’autres types de données et aboutissent à des résultats similaires (Chapitre 3 à paraitre dans le Journal of Macroeconomics). Je souhaiterai maintenant évoquer quelques axes d’amélioration et de réflexion qui doivent être abordés à l’avenir. En effet, il serait intéressant d’intégrer d’autres dynamiques telles que celles des salaires, du capital, des investissements

election delays could be an obstacle to completing the HIPC initiative, as donors may be unwilling to grant full debt relief before elections are held. In addition, a period of political uncertainty could lead to macroeconomic deterioration and prevent the country from meeting the macroeconomic criteria of the IMF programme necessary to complete the HIPC process. Côte d’Ivoire is the world’s largest cocoa producer. Recent events have not caused any disruption of cocoa exports so far, but political uncertainty

Special Theme – Commission on Macroeconomics and Health Ethics in international health research: a perspective from the developing world* Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta1 Abstract Health research plays a pivotal role in addressing inequities in health and human development, but to achieve these objectives the research must be based on sound scientific and ethical principles. Although it is accepted that ethics play a central role in health research in developing countries, much of the recent debate

8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 2008 2009 2010 2011 % Growth 2.8% 2.7% 2.6% % Growth 2.5% 2.4% 2.3% 2.2% 2.1% 2012 2013 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Europe - Ice Cream © Datamonitor (Published December 2009) Page 35 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS CHAPTER 11 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS Table 15: Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Europe Exchange Rate, 2004-2008 Exchange Rate ($/€) 1.24208 1.24296 1.25466 1.36986 1.46325 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Europe - Ice Cream © Datamonitor (Published

Voir tout le Chapitre 2, Section I. 71 Op. cit., p. 61. Sur la littérature de la question du taux d'inflation optimal, Phelps E., « Inflation in the Theory of Public Finance », Swedish Journal of Economics, 75(1), 1973, reproduit dans Studies in Macroeconomics, Vol. I, Academic Press, N. York, 1979, pp. 143-58. 36 Si on exclut les expériences d'hyper-inflation, on reconnaît que, dans les économies avec des taux d'inflation relativement faibles, l’accroissement de la base monétaire, c'est-àdire

from the experience of the 1990s, as well as from the theoretical and empirical literature dedicated to the determinants of currency crises. In response to the limits of the first and second generation models which allocated a key role to the macroeconomic fundamentals, a redefinition of factors causing vulnerability is now to be observed, favouring the imperfection of financial markets and the risks of international banking illiquidity. The crises are then inseparable from the systemic risk, and