Member of Parliament

modern meaning of sovereignty (but not popular sovereignty) was introduced by Jean Bodin in 1576. According to the New Columbia Encyclopedia, sovereignty is "the supreme authority in a political community". The origin of popular sovereignty, on the other hand, goes most directly back to what is called the social contract school of the mid 1600s to the mid 1700s. Popular sovereignty is the notion that no law or rule is legitimate unless it rests directly or indirectly on the consent of the individuals

against cuts as bail-out looms Tens of thousands of people have marched through Dublin in protest at the government's austerity programme. Protest leaders said it was the first of many demonstrations over plans to raise taxes and cut public spending. The austerity programme is designed to cut the Irish Republic's massive government deficit, exacerbated by the rescue of the country's banks. The march came as officials met to hammer out the final details of a financial bail-out for the country

TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL On Progress in Bulgaria under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism EN EN INTERIM REPORT FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL On Progress in Bulgaria under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism 1. INTRODUCTION When Bulgaria entered the EU on 1 January 2007, a Co-operation and Verification Mechanism (hereafter CVM)1 was set up to help Bulgaria remedy shortcomings in the areas of judicial reform

Massinissa Ouadjir REFORM OF TUITION FEES What happened after the first demonstration over tuition fees reform ? After the student protest over tuition fees of the 10 November who turned violent , The government and some media criticized these protests which were very violent, some windows of the headquarters of the Conservative party at Millbank tower were broken, many other incidents took place , two main reasons to explain this ; the extreme dissatisfaction of students over tuition fees

: The case study that I have selected deals with Highways Agency, an executive agency of the Department for Transport. Our goal in this report is to discover what are the external forces that could impact on The Highway Agency’s business. To make this analysis, we will be interested in different strategic analysis approaches, as the PEST analysis. This one is a management technique that allows analysis of four external factors that impact on organizational performance. These factors are: political

held in Germany in Gummersbach the seminar: "Local government and Civil Society" which came within the framework of the implementation of annual program of the International Academy for Leadership (IAF). The seminar lasted seven days and began with the words of welcome directed to the location of the participants by Ms. Brigit Lamm, Director of the IAF. Ms. Lamm also made a presentation of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, showed its links with the Liberal Party, its objectives, its modus operandi and

The Conservative Party It is the oldest and most successful party. It was created at the end of the 17th century and they have governed England for most of the last 300 years. At the beginning, it was called the “Tory Party”. It represented the interests of the royal family, the Anglican Church, and also the aristocracy (the land owners). They changed their names in 1830 under the leadership of Prime Minister Robert Peel => it became the “Conservative Party”. He wanted to change the name because

remet la direction des affaires au Premier Ministre nommé par lui, mais soutenu par le Parlement, il vaudrait mieux parler de monarchie parlementaire. C'est la majorité au Parlement qui est à l'origine de la désignation du Premier Ministre. BILL OF RIGHTS L'expression désigne la Déclaration des Droits de 1689. Ce texte fondamental consacre la suprématie du Parlement britannique. Celui-ci émane de la volonté populaire, il est donc souverain. Cette Déclaration inspirera les constitutions de la

a symbol. The head of state and ultimate source of power theory in the UK is the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. In reality, the political leader of the UK is the Prime Minister, which must have the support of the House of Commons. This is Gordon Brown who has held this position since 27 June 2007 THE QUEEN => In reality, the Queen has a mainly ceremonial role, and his power is restricted by convention and public opinion, although the monarch makes use of three rights: the right

PILIERS TPI + COURS DE JUSTICE DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES (CJCE / ECJ=E Court J). Luxembourg 15 juges (1/Etat) + 9 avocats généraux COURS DES COMPTES (CCUE) Luxembourg 25 Etats → 27 (Member states) COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (CEDH) Strasbourg CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE (COE) (Council of Europe) Strasbourg 46 Etats CONSEIL EUROPEEN (European Council) Organe politique 25 → 27 Chefs d’états + Pdt Commission Européenne + Ministres des Affaires étrangères + Délégation (20 pers