Parliament

decide of their fates. References: -The French revolution: started in 1789 and it was a bloody revolution. The people armed themselves and attack the king’s army. The French king Louis XVI was executed in 1993. -The English parliament of 1688: it was the parliament during the glorious revolution that asked to William of orange to come and take the place of James the second. It was the end of the absolute monarchy and the beginning of the parliamentary monarchy. There was many act or laws voted

his reign he had must to accept The Petition of Rights which write by the parliament. The parliament is composed by the Lords: Spiritual and Temporal which are chosen by the King and the commons (deputies) which are chosen by the subjects. This petition concerns divers Rights and Liberties of the Subjects. Unfortunately, he decide to govern without the Parliament .The conflict has been growing between the King and the Parliament so Charles I was executed in 1641. From 1642 to 1649 the English Civil

was speeded up in 1988 the enactment of devolution laws grating more autonomy to its national components and creating an ‘almost’ federal state. A- The Scotland Act 1998 Scotland now enjoys reinforced autonomy but laws enacted by its Scottish Parliament must not overlap with UK laws and must comply with EU laws and ECHR. The UKSC is in charge of checking their compliance. The executive body is headed by a First Minister ( to differentiate from the PM of UK) assisted with a Scottish Cabinet including

Legal System What is common law? English laws were based on rules developed by the royal courts during the first 3 centuries after the Norman Conquest (1066). Rules of law are developed by the courts as opposed to those created by state (acts of parliament). It’s a general system of law deriving exclusively from court decisions. Common law Droit coutumier (≠ droit commun) La loi anglaise a été fondée sur des règles élaborées par les cours royales durant les 3 premiers siècles après la conquête

by English law under the Laws in Wales Acts 15351542. + NEW FLAG - Oliver Cromwell (1649): seized the power in England and Wales, and established the Commonwealth, after a long period of tension between the king and Parliament. He used his army to expel his opponents from Parliament. He died in 1658, and a new king was restored. - Glorious Revolution (1688): James II had been crowned in 1685, but because he was a Catholic, prominent peers invited William of Orange to come to England and Wales to

of law was developed: equity. Developed by the king and the principles chancellor and introduced new remedies such as specific performance, injunction or rescission. King ask to the chancellors to developed new rules Statute is promulgated by parliament. Case law: the law based on traditional laws. Specific system of law: different of other system of law (France: civil law) Based on judicial precedents (England USA...) Before 1066 the situation in England: there was no uniform system of law

How the EU takes decisions Decision-making at European Union level involves various European institutions, in particular * the European Commission, * the European Parliament (EP), * the Council of the European Union. In general, it is the European Commission that proposes new legislation, but it is the Council and Parliament that pass the laws. Other institutions also have roles to play. Каким образом ЕС принимает решения Принятие решений на уровне Европейского союза затрагивает различные

secure peace through closer relations and to promote prosperity by the establishment of a common market. It also propose a common agriculture, transport, economic policies. The EEC created political and judicial institutions such as The European Parliament, The council of European Union, The European Commission, The court of Justice. The EEC is able to conclude treaties with other countries. • The Single European Act, 1986: It is first a revision of the EEC with 12 MS. The aim was to revive the

and so Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. Parliament believed that these acts, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767, were a legitimate means of having the colonies pay their fair share of the costs to keep the colonies in the British Empire.[6] Many colonists, however, had developed a different conception of the empire. Because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, colonists argued that Parliament had no

characteristics. Those differences resulted in various conflicts until the middle Ages. Fortunately, in 1536, the Act of Union integrated together England and Wales administratively but also legally. From that time on, Wales became administered by the English Parliament and English Law started to apply on their territory. When ones refer to England, it actually means England and Wales. Scotland remained separate longer than Wales. There were numerous wars until 1603 but things started to change after the death