Welfare economics

reconstruction européenne et l’essor de l’économie mondiale se sont produits. 1 "A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens.", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_state 2 Voir http://www.mazerolle.fr/Histoire-des-faits-economiques/supplements/Etat-Providence.pdf pour un historique de la notion de Welfare state. 2 www.economie-cours.fr Chapitre 9 : L’Etat providence Sommaire

1980 Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les métropoles avaient engagé une importante politique d'investissements publics. A titre d’exemple, la Grande-Bretagne poursuivait ainsi une action commencée pendant la guerre avec les Colonial Development and Welfare Acts, tandis que la France créait le Fonds d'investissement pour le développement économique et social (FIDES). Les crédits étaient alors fournis sous forme de prêts, de subventions et de dons aux gouvernements coloniaux locaux. Pourtant, dans l'ensemble

sustainability", Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 96, pp. 257-265. Asheim, G.B. and W. Buchholz (2002), “Green National Accounting and Sustainable Development”, Chapter 8 in M. O’Connor & V. Meïté (ed., 2002), Environmental Evaluation, dans la collection Current Issues in Ecological Economics, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Boltansky L., Thévenot L. [1991], Les Economies des grandeurs, Gallimard (1ère édition 1987), Paris. Boulding, K.E. (1966), "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth", in:

1 7 LATAM MACRO - Lecture 1 8 LATAM MACRO - Lecture 1 9 Pro-cyclicality • A feature that characterizes emerging countries is the procyclicality of capital flows, fiscal and monetary policy. • In terms of capital flows: • Most economic theory in based on the idea that people dislike large fluctuations on consumption. • Therefore, it should be optimal for an individual to save in good times and borrow in bad times. In this way, the fluctuations on income can be “smoothed.” • At

http://projects.public-integrity.org/Content.aspx?context=article&id=355 Chaloupka, F. and Wechsler H. (1997). Price, tobacco control policies and smoking among young adults. Journal of Health Economics 16(3): 359-373. Chaloupka, F. J. and K. E. Warner (2000). The economics of smoking. Handbook of health economics. Culyer, A. J. & Newhouse, J. P. Elsevier. Clark, P., S. Natanblut, et al. (2000). Factors Associated With Tobacco Sales to Minors: Lessons Learned From the FDA Compliance Checks, J. Am. Med

l’indice composite avec le même poids (1/3). L’Indice de Compétitivité Globale (GCI) C’est l’Indice le plus complet actuellement disponible et permettant de rendre compte de la compétitivité globale d’un pays. Calculé chaque année, par le World Economic Forum, sur un grand échantillon de pays, il est largement basé sur les travaux de Michael Porter sur la compétitivité des nations et comprend huit piliers : (i) les institutions publiques ; (ii) les infrastructures ; (iii) le cadre macroéconomique

of the inflation of theories - Economists and politicians are still concerned by inflation, and have been more so during the last few years. Several theories have attempted to explain it, based on the main schools of thought that have emerged in Economics over the last century. Inflation has often been conceived as one of the elements of the process by which the economy reaches a balance ; an excessive supply of currency, or the pressures brought to bear by wage costs in conditions of almost full

Share cropping. Black became share-croppers but not owners. The land owners provided tools, food… through small stores on the land and share croppers bought everything from them. They became indebted and gradually could not pay for it. They became economic slaves. It also concerned a large number of white people which were independent farmers before the war. They became also tenant farmers. As far as Education is concerned few Black schools were built. They were in a much worse condition than

C’est le principe du « pollueur-payeur ». Elle agit donc directement sur le prix des biens et services, et non sur les quantités, comme c’est le cas pour les normes. →Cette approche est inspirée des travaux d’A.C. Pigou (1877-1955 ; 1920 Economics of welfare), Ce dernier a souligné que dans le cas des externalités négatives, le coût privé est inférieur au coût social. Par exemple, pour un pollueur, la dégradation de l’environnement qui découle de ses rejets dans l’atmosphère ne constitue pas un

substituent à une offre nationale peu développée. Economic Growth and Income Inequality, The American Economic Review, vol. 45, no 1, p. 1-28, 1955. Grossman, G. et Krueger, A. "Economic Growth and the Environment", NBER Working Papers n°4634 (1994). Garett Hardin, 1968, The tragedy of the Commons, Science. Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde (1995), Toward a new Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship, Journal of Economic Perspectives vol. 9, no. 4, p. 97-118. (10) Ces taxes