Welfare economics

On the personal income tax side, flat taxes have been widely used by countries from Central and Eastern Europe to position themselves in an attractive way. Their merits seem however to be widely overstated. There is no strong case for flatness in economic theory and the optimal tax is not necessarily a flat one. Empirical evidence is scare and non-convincing, if we leave aside rhetoric and assertion. Many simulation exercises have been performed in countries from Western Europe on the move to a flat

Developed countries as a majority are under the pressure of a necessary reform as the systems enforced decades ago are encountering financial limits. Deficits are accruing and will go on in the future. The governments are wondering how to reduce the economic and demographic pressure they are undertaking, all the while avoiding to create supplementary burden, expenses, costs, for the future workers. In France notably, the retirement scheme reform has been a leading matter for several years but started

interventions publiques répondant directement à l’objectif d’efficacité parétienne, c’està-dire relevant du domaine de l’allocation des ressources. Ce dernier correspond au champ théorique de l’économie publique normative (ou économie du bien-être : Welfare economics). L’État face aux défaillances du marché L’outillage théorique de l’économie du bien-être (qui permet de définir les contours de l’« économie mixte idéale », de la forme idéale de la complémentarité marchéÉtat) part d’un présupposé : le

into entertainment or calming rooms), provided creative afternoons for parents and pupils (such as film workshops, learning computers together, drama workshops and music workshops) provided summer school activities in key target areas of social and economic deprivation and so forth. 3. Supporting schools to implement health promotion programmes. To address this problem, a number of health promotion programmes have been introduced, at all levels of education, aiming mainly at the prevention of disruptive

utilisé par le Gouvernement canadien lors des négociations concernant la zone de libre-échange Canada-Etats-Unis, ainsi que pour convaincre le public canadien des avantages pré- sentés par le projet d’accord de libre-échange. Le Bureau of Industry Economics du Gouvernement australien (1 989) a utilisé un modèle du même type que celui de Harris et Cox pour évaluer les effets de l’accord de rapprochement économique. Ces modèles aboutissent généralement à des avantages plus importants, pour les pays

the Scandinavians countries. Concerning agriculture, since joining the EU, the Swedish Government has endeavoured to realise an agricultural policy that promotes competitive production based on sustainable production systems to achieve higher economic benefit and lower budget costs. As reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) continues, Sweden is advocating the following principles: agricultural and food enterprise production should be driven by consumer demand, production should be ecologically

annual series “Information and Statistical Papers” by the Central Statistical Office. Since 2004 the publication has been available in electronic form on the Internet. Data presented in the publication is obtained from the reports of all types of economic entities conducting trade activity, apart from their organization or ownership forms. The results of the statistical surveys illustrate a tendency in internal trade, as well as in terms of the changes within the scope of the service sphere. The publication

has a new leader, a young man called David Cameron (about 39-40 years old), good-looking, dynamic. Many people make comparison between him and Tony Blair because he is thought to revival the Conservative Party. He studied politics, philosophy and economics at Oxford (top marks). His wife is a successful businesswoman. He has an handicapped son => people can feel his pain => it makes him look human. He is a typical Conservative : he’s from the Church of England, he is a distant member of royal family

virtual network of young leaders. The network is called "Young African Leaders Initiative Network", an idea of President Obama. Today, chronic and growing inequality between societies in the world, fueled by selfish and murderous policies of the major economic powers leaves no one indifferent. Only 10% of the world population (mainly in Europe and North America) control 50% of global revenues, and 20% of the world population consumes 86% of world production as well as services; while the rest of the population

New School Economic Review, Volume 2(1), 2007, 77-99 THE NORTH-SOUTH ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS: AN UNEQUAL ECOLOGICAL EXCHANGE ANALYSIS George Howell* For Gideon Rosenbluth ABSTRACT This paper offers a political economy problematisation of the current trends of production towards environmental degradation, while offering an environmental critique of mainstream economic thought and capitalist exchange and production. A case is made for a re-appraisal of ‘unequal exchange’ analysis of international