Candide

536 mots 3 pages
Candide

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This article is about Voltaire's satire. For other uses, see Candide (disambiguation).
Candide

The frontispiece of the 1759 edition published by Sirène in Paris, which reads, "Candide, or Optimism, translated from the German of Dr. Ralph."[3][4]
Author Voltaire
Original title Candide, ou l'Optimisme
Illustrator Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune
Country France
Language French
Genre(s) Conte philosophique; satire; picaresque novel; bildungsroman
Publisher 1759: Cramer, Marc-Michel Rey, Jean Nourse, Lambert, and others
Publication date January 1759[1][2]
Media type Print
ISBN NA
Candide, ou l'Optimisme (pronounced /ˌkænˈdiːd/ in English and [kɑ̃did] in French) is a French satire written in 1759 by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment. The novella has been widely translated, with English versions titled Candide: or, All for the Best (1759); Candide: or, The Optimist (1762); and Candide: or, Optimism (1947).[5] It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in an Edenic paradise and being indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism (or simply Optimism) by his mentor, Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt cessation of this lifestyle, followed by Candide's slow, painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world. Voltaire concludes with Candide, if not outright rejecting optimism, advocating an enigmatic precept, "we must cultivate our garden", in lieu of the Leibnizian mantra of Pangloss, "all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds".

Candide is characterised by its sarcastic tone, as well as by its erratic, fantastical and fast-moving plot. A picaresque novel with a story similar to that of a more serious bildungsroman, it parodies many adventure and romance clichés, the struggles of which are caricatured in a tone that is mordantly matter-of-fact. Still, the events discussed are often based on

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