Low cost Airlines

1) definition
A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline is an airline that generally has lower fares.

2)history
Until 1978, date of publication of Airline deregulation act (law abolishing the control of airline companies), the internal market of the United States was subjected to statutory procedures limiting the competition between companies.
After this date the companies were engaged in a tariff war and the concept of "low-cost carrier" was born .
Certain companies dashed on a different crenel : supply of the basic offer and the transport in the price list as low as possible, and supplementary payment for every secondary service.
Other countries followed the way of the deregulation, the European Union, for example, abolishing the controls on the competition in 1997.
In the United States it is Southwest Airlines who is mostly credited with the label of the first low cost carrier Because Southwest offered only a bag of peanut on board and because this word indicates an absurdly low price.
The model then spread out towards Europe, the most considerable successes being the Irish company Ryanair which entered in this market in 1991 and the British easyJet created in 1995. In 2004, a wave of creation of low cost airlines in South-East Asia and in Australia as Air Asia and Virgin Blue once again showed that the model low cost was applicable about everywhere

3)the functioning
The typical model of the low-cost carrier is characterized by the following points:
* For the passager:
- direct flights only, the company does not assure the correspondences.
- Use of secondary airports
- Limitation of the number and the weight of luggage
-meals or services are paying
-No entertainment in the plane

*For the company :
- A single type of aircraft to reduce the costs of maintenance
-The company does not assure the correspondances
- Employees performing several functions : the commercial flight crews can be also clean the plane during the