At the Gates

performance, l'impact de l'actionnariat, formes d'actionnariat Classification JEL : L25, G32 Type de l’article : Article théorique Abstract: This article reviews the main streams of research on employee ownership over the past fifty years. It proposes several theoretical contributions to provide a more complex picture of the relationship between employee ownership and firm performance that goes beyond most existing work, which has tended to focus only on employee attitudes and behaviors.

ensemble de l’économie 1980 1990 20011 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Po rtu ga Fr l an Au ce tri ch Irl e an d Es e pa gn e Ita lie Gr èc e J Al apo n le m ag ne Be lg iq Fi ue nl an Da d ne e m Au ark st ra l Ca ie na Pa da ys -B as Ro Su ya èd um e e Ét -Un at i sUn is Note : Les estimations de l’investissement en TIC ne sont pas encore complètement normalisées au niveau international, principalement en raison des différences dans la capitalisation des logiciels dans différents pays. Voir Ahmad (2003). 1

and welcome to the Concours Pass Test of English. This test has been designed especially and exclusively for students participating in Concours Pass. During this test you will have a series of exercises to help determine your proficiency in spoken and written English. For the entire test please remember that you are asked to choose just one answer for each question according to what you have heard or read. Then you should mark that answer clearly on your answer sheet by filling in the corresponding

Most of them live in rural areas in developing countries. The public sector is often failing in its mission and big private operators, on profitability grounds, cannot deliver this basic service. Village inhabitants thus depend on small, often informal, private operators that compensate for the lack of this essential public service. The top-down approach based on public institutions is therefore unsuitable to meet these needs, but the bottom-up approach driven by private actors is neither controlled

tries to focus on the difference between theoretical and professional developments on a side and consumers perceptions on the other side, in terms of personalization and customisation on the Internet. Accordingly, a conceptual framework as well as a qualitative study is developed. This exploratory study shows that a great gap exists between what say the theorists and especially the professionals in terms of personalization and customization on the Internet, and what really the e-consumers perceive

SUMMARY Within the framework of the r e s e a r c h activities on geotechnical t e s t methods, a draft modus operandi f o r determining consistency l i m i t s was tested in 1977 by ring analysis i n ten participant laboratories. The r e s u l t s have shown a reproductibility which was considered insufficient. Plasticity index (I ) values for example w e r e only reproducP ible. within a range of - 100 %. + Supplementary studies of the l i t e r a t u r e on the subject and additional

ensemble de l’économie 1980 1990 20011 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Po rtu ga Fr l an Au ce tri ch Irl e an d Es e pa gn e Ita lie Gr èc e J Al apo n le m ag ne Be lg iq Fi ue nl an Da d ne e m Au ark st ra l Ca ie na Pa da ys -B as Ro Su ya èd um e e Ét -Un at i sUn is Note : Les estimations de l’investissement en TIC ne sont pas encore complètement normalisées au niveau international, principalement en raison des différences dans la capitalisation des logiciels dans différents pays. Voir Ahmad (2003). 1

importante commande à foxconn pour l’Iphone, les délais étant limités et courts. La solution qu'a trouvée la firme taïwanaise fut d'appeler leurs employés en pleine nuit pour qu'ils travaillent en échange de quelques petites viennoiseries et d'une tasse de thé pour arriver à remplir les délais recherchés. Malheureusement, l'attaque judiciaire est complexe, l'usine n'appartenant pas à Apple, on exploite donc toujours ces ouvriers asiatiques sans craintes ni remords. Cette sous-traitance qui leur donne

croissant vient ajouter à l’aide gouvernementale des montants de dons loin d’être négligeables. On compte parmi eux les organisations non gouvernementales, les fondations et les entreprises privées. À titre d’exemple, la Fondation Bill et Melinda Gates possède un capital avoisinant les 70 milliards de dollars et la Fondation Clinton a mobilisé en 2009 autant que l’aide publique annuelle de la France, annulation de dettes comprises30. De leur côté, les ONG internationales de grande envergure (Oxfam

Paris,… Collaborations Internationales : University of Notre Dame, USA; University of Virginia Tech, USA ; NIH/NIAID, Bethesda, USA ; Harvard University, USA; Yale University, USA; Colorado State Univ., USA; UC Davis, USA; University of California at Irvine, USA; University of Seattle, USA; Université de Montréal, Canada; University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy; NRI/University of Greenwich, UK; Oxford University,UK; Liverpool School of Medical Medicine, UK; University of Leeds, UK; Imperial College